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Table 4 Risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among participating prison inmates according to HIV status (n = 294)

From: Determining intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) in inmates from Kajang Prison, Selangor, Malaysia for improved prison management

Characteristics

Overall (n = 294)

HIV positive (n = 131)

HIV negative (n = 163)

 

No. infected (%)

OR (95 % CI)

p

No. infected (%)

ORa (95 % CI)

p

No. infected (%)

OR (95 % CI)

p

Age group (years)

         

 ≥40

31 (27.7)

1.10 (0.65-1.87)

0.727

16 (27.1)

0.97 (0.45-2.09)

0.933

15 (28.3)

1.21 (0.58-2.54)

0.607

 <40

47 (25.8)

1

 

20 (27.8)

1b

 

27 (24.5)

1

 

Education attainment

         

 Primary school and below

20 (24.4)

0.86 (0.48-1.54)

0.605

7 (20.0)

0.58 (0.23-1.47)

0.247

13 (27.7)

1.15 (0.53-2.47)

0.725

 Secondary school and below

58 (27.4)

1

 

29 (30.2)

1

 

29 (25.0)

1

 

Tuberculosis

         

 Yes

8 (42.1)

2.13 (0.82-5.51)

0.112

8 (44.4)

2.43 (0.87-6.76)

0.094e

0

NAf

0.535e

 No

70 (25.5)

1

 

28 (24.8)

1

 

42 (25.9)

  

Hepatitis B or C

         

 Yes

4 (18.2)

0.60 (0.20-1.82)

0.356

2 (11.1)

0.29 (0.06-1.33)

0.153e

2 (50.0)

2.98 (0.41-21.82)

0.274e

 No

74 (27.2)

1

 

34 (30.1)

1

 

40 (25.2)

1

 

CD4 countc (cells/mm3)

         

 ≤200

   

8 (33.3)

1.32 (0.48-3.58)

0.590

   

 >200

   

19 (27.5)

1

    

Duration of having HIV (years)

         

 ≤10

   

26 (29.9)

1.43 (0.63-3.36)

0.386

   

 >10

   

10 (22.7)

1

    

HAARTd

         

 No

   

32 (26.9)

0.74 (0.21-2.61)

0.736e

   

 Yes

   

4 (33.3)

1

    
  1. aOR Odd ratio
  2. bReference group marked as OR = 1
  3. cn = 93
  4. dHAART Highly active antiretroviral therapy
  5. eFisher’s exact value
  6. fNA Not available