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Table 2 Empirical antibiotic therapy and therapeutic responses in children with urinary tract infection caused by E. coli or K. pneumoniae

From: Aminoglycoside therapy for childhood urinary tract infection due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae

Factor

Non-ESBL group

ESBL group

p-value

(n = 189)

(n = 22)

Administered empirical antibiotics

  

0.814

With aminoglycoside

   

Third-generation cephalosporin + aminoglycoside

111 (58.7)

13 (59.1)

 

Aminopenicillin/β-lactamase inhibitor + aminoglycoside

34 (18.0)

4 (18.2)

 

Second-generation cephalosporin + aminoglycoside

4 (2.1)

1 (4.5)

 

Without aminoglycoside

   

Third-generation cephalosporin

25 (13.2)

3 (13.6)

 

Aminopenicillin/β-lactamase inhibitor

2 (1.1)

1 (4.5)

 

Second-generation cephalosporin

1 (0.5)

0 (0.0)

 

Others

10 (5.3)

0 (0.0)

 

No therapy

2 (1.1)

0 (0.0)

 

Appropriateness of empirical antibiotic therapya

182 (100.0)

20 (90.9)

0.011

Antibiotic duration (days)

   

Total

13.0 (12.0–14.0)

14.0 (13.0–16.0)

0.048

Intravenousb

6.0 (5.0–7.0)

6.0 (5.0–7.0)

0.742

Oralc

7.0 (7.0–9.0)

7.0 (6.0–10.5)

0.477

Aminoglycosidesd

6.0 (4.0–7.0)

6.0 (5.0–7.0)

0.170

Fever duration after antibiotic therapy (days)e

1.0 (0.0–2.0)

1.0 (0.0–1.3)

0.573

Response to empirical antibiotic therapy

   

Disappearance of fevere

172 (92.5)

20 (90.9)

0.680

Bacterial eradication on the urinef

174 (98.9)

21 (100.0)

1.000

Follow-up time of urine culture (days)f

2.0 (2.0–3.0)

2.0 (1.0–2.5)

0.611

  1. Data are median (interquartile range) or no. (%) of cases
  2. ESBL extended-spectrum β-lactamase
  3. aThe appropriateness of empirical antibiotic therapy was determined in 204 children (182 in the non-ESBL group, 22 in the ESBL group)
  4. bEleven children of the non-ESBL group, who did not received antibiotic therapy or received exclusively oral antibiotic therapy, were excluded
  5. cSix children, who received exclusively intravenous antibiotic therapy, were excluded (Five in the non-ESBL group, One in the ESBL group)
  6. dThe duration of aminoglycoside therapy was determined in 167 children (149 in the non-ESBL group, 18 in the ESBL group)
  7. eThe accurate time of defervescence was not determined in three children in the non-ESBL group, who was lost to follow-up in the outpatient clinic
  8. fMicrobiological response to first line antibiotics was determined in 197 children (176 in the non-ESBL group and 21 in the ESBL group) in whom repeated urine cultures were performed before antibiotic change