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Table 1 Clinical manifestations of dengue cases at presentation to hospital

From: Clinico-laboratory spectrum of dengue viral infection and risk factors associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever: a retrospective study

 

Overall Cases (N = 667) n (%)

DF (N = 588) n (%)

DHF (N = 79) n (%)

P–value

Commonly occurred (among >40 % population)

 Fever

647 (97)

573 (94.7)

74 (93.7)

0.076*

 Myalgia

483 (72.4)

419 (71.3)

64 (61)

0.069*

 Arthralgia

389 (58.3)

336 (57.1)

53 (67)

0.092

 Headache

385 (57.7)

344 (58.5)

41 (51.9)

0.265

 Vomiting

368 (55.2)

318 (54.1)

50 (63.3)

0.122

 Abdominal pain

299 (44.8)

264 (44.9)

35 (44.3)

0.921

 Skin rash

294 (44.1)

249 (41.8)

45 (56.9)

0.014

Less Common (among 11 – 39 % population)

 Diarrhea

225 (33.7)

194 (33)

31 (39.2)

0.270

 Chills

224 (33.6)

199 (33.8)

25 (31.6)

0.698

 Nausea

208 (31.2)

182 (31)

26 (32.9)

0.724

 Anorexia

186 (27.9)

157 (26.7)

21 (26.6)

0.982

 Lethargy

186 (27.9)

142 (24.1)

31 (39.2)

0.032

 Retro-orbital pain

178 (26.7)

155 (26.4)

23 (29.1)

0.603

 Rigors

172 (25.8)

144 (24.5)

28 (35.4)

0.037

 Flushing

135 (20.2)

119 (20.2)

16 (20.3)

0.998

 Cough

118 (17.7)

103 (17.5)

15 (19)

0.748

 Restlessness

116 (17.4)

105 (17.9)

11 (13.,9)

0.387

 Dizziness

110 (16.5)

99 (16.8)

11 (13.9)

0.512

 Jaundice

87 (13)

74 (12.6)

13 (16.5)

0.337

 Dehydration

78 (11.7)

58 (9.9)

20 (25.3)

0.007

 Shortness of breath

73 (10.9)

59 (10)

14 (17.7)

0.040

 Sore throat

76 (11.4)

64 (10.9)

12 (15.2)

0.258

Rare (among < 11 % population)

 Malaise

52 (7.8)

45 (7.7)

7 (8.9)

0.707

 Dysuria

29 (4.3)

22 (3.7)

7 (8.9)

0.069*

 Hepatomegaly

39 (4.3)

25 (4.3)

4 (5.1)

0.740

 Confusion

33 (4.9)

27 (4.6)

6 (7.6)

0.264*

 Conjunctivitis

24 (3.6)

21 (3.6)

3 (3.8)

0.756

 Chest pain

24 (3.6)

22 (3.7)

2 (2.5)

>0.90*

 Pleural effusion

23 (3.4)

15 (2.6)

8 (10.1)

0.003*

 Ascites

15 (2.3)

15 (2.6)

4 (5.1)

0.266

 Palpitation

14 (2.1)

14 (2.4)

-

-

 Edema

14 (2.1)

12 (2)

2 (2.5)

0.677

 Tachypnea

12 (1.8)

11 (1.9)

1 (1.3)

>0.90

 Splenomegaly

9 (1.3)

6 (1)

3 (3.8)

0.079

 Thick gall bladder

9 (1.3)

5 (0.9)

4 (5.1)

0.014

 Anasarca

8 (1.2)

6 (1)

2 (2.5)

0.243

 Asthenia

8(1.2)

7 (1.2)

1 (1.3)

>0.90

 Convulsion

8 (1.2)

8 (1.4)

0

-

 Tachycardia

(0.6) 4

3 (0.5)

1 (1.3)

>0.90

Hemorrhagic Manifestations

 Petechia

80 (12)

68 (11.6)

12 (15.2)

0.352

 Gingival bleeding

67 (10)

48 (8.2)

19 (24.1)

< .001

 Purpura/Ecchymosis

53 (7.9)

46 (7.8)

7 (8.9)

0.749

 Epistaxis

35 (5.2)

19 (3.2)

16 (20.3)

< .001*

 Vaginal bleeding

24 (3.6)

21 (3.6)

3 (3.8)

0.756

 Hematuria

18 (2.7)

17 (2.9)

1 (1.3)

0.711

 Hematemesis

11 (1.6)

7 (1.2)

4 (5.1)

< .001

 Malena

4 (0.6)

0

4 (5.1)

-

 Blood in stool

4 (0.6)

3 (0.5)

1 (1.3)

0.397

 Hemoptysis

2 (0.3)

2 (0.3)

0

-

  1. *Fisher’s exact test (if more than 20 % of cells with expected counts of less than 5) while all the other P values were calculated by Pearson Chi-Square