Table 1 Episodes of bloodstream infection stratified according to low (CRP 0–10 mg/L), intermediate (CRP 11–100 mg/L) and high (CRP > 100 mg/L) level
Characteristics | CRP 0–10 mg/L (n = 247) | CRP 11–100 mg/L (n = 563) | CRP > 100 mg/L (n = 176) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | ||||
Birth weight (g), mean ± SD | 1310 ± 746 | 1507.9 ± 809 | 1725.2 ± 959 | 0.004 |
median (IQR) | 1310 (920–1740) | 1530 (885–1975) | 1685 (923–2610) | |
Gestational age (weeks), mean ± SD | 30.2 ± 4.3 | 30.5 ± 4.6 | 31.4 ± 5.2 | 0.036 |
median (IQR) | 30.0 (27.0–33.0) | 30.0 (27.0–34.0) | 30.0 (27.0–36.0) | |
Male sex, n (%) | 140 (56.7) | 292 (51.9) | 88 (50.0) | 0.154 |
Onset of BSI (day), median (IQR) | 23.0 (15.0–43.0) | 30.0 (18.0–56.0) | 32.5 (19.0–63.8) | <0.001 |
Perinatal history | ||||
NSD/CS | 112 (45.3)/135 (54.7) | 220 (39.1)/343 (60.9) | 81 (46.0)/95 (54.0) | 0.901 |
Inborn/outborn | 163 (66.0)/84 (34.0) | 381 (67.7)/182 (32.3) | 112 (63.6)/64 (36.4) | 0.697 |
Low apgar score at 5 min (≦7) | 111 (44.9) | 255 (45.3) | 70 (39.8) | 0.344 |
Perinatal asphyxia | 18 (7.3) | 48 (8.5) | 11 (6.3) | 0.738 |
Underlying chronic conditionsa | ||||
Congenital anomalies | 15 (6.1) | 35 (6.2) | 18 (10.2) | 0.128 |
Neurological comorbidities | 35 (14.2) | 63 (11.2) | 31 (17.6) | 0.443 |
Complicated congenital heart disease (CHD) | 8 (3.2) | 23 (4.1) | 4 (2.3) | 0.696 |
Acyanotic CHD with heart failure | 5 (2.0) | 9 (1.6) | 7 (4.0) | 0.234 |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | 66 (26.7) | 188 (33.4) | 60 (34.1) | 0.087 |
Pulmonary hypertension | 3 (1.2) | 18 (3.2) | 11 (6.3) | 0.004 |
Gastrointestinal pathology | 4 (1.6) | 47 (8.3) | 15 (8.5) | 0.002 |
Renal | 6 (2.4) | 17 (3.0) | 12 (6.8) | 0.024 |
Cholestasisb | 30 (12.1) | 117 (20.8) | 41 (23.3) | 0.002 |
Clinical septic symptoms | ||||
Fever (temperature > 38 °C) | 99 (40.1) | 228 (40.5) | 84 (47.7) | 0.135 |
Apnea ± bradycardia and/or cyanosis | 158 (64.0) | 385 (68.4) | 139 (79.0) | 0.001 |
Abdominal distension ± feeding intolerance | 130 (52.6) | 328 (58.3) | 139 (79.0) | <0.001 |
Tachycardia | 55 (22.3) | 134 (23.8) | 35 (19.9) | 0.652 |
Hyper- or hypoglycemia | 53 (21.5) | 157 (27.9) | 55 (31.3) | 0.020 |
Septic shock | 32 (13.0) | 93 (16.5) | 45 (25.6) | 0.001 |
Disseminated intravascular Coagulopathy | 12 (4.9) | 45 (8.0) | 30 (17.0) | <0.001 |
Laboratory parameter | ||||
Leukopenia (WBC count < 4000/uL) | 25 (10.1) | 109 (19.4) | 38 (21.6) | 0.001 |
Leukocytosis (WBC count > 20,000/uL) | 62 (25.1) | 151 (26.8) | 64 (36.4) | 0.017 |
WBC shift to left (immature WBC ≥ 20 % total) | 13 (5.3) | 65 (11.5) | 44 (25.0) | <0.001 |
Anemia (hemoglobin < 11.0 mg/dL) | 79 (32.5) | 217 (38.5) | 98 (55.7) | <0.001 |
Thrombocytopenia (platelet < 80,000/uL) | 41 (16.6) | 197 (35.0) | 110 (62.5) | <0.001 |
Metabolic acidosis | 26 (10.7) | 104 (18.5) | 60 (34.1) | <0.001 |
Prolonged PT and/or aPTT | 34 (14.0) | 150 (26.6) | 70 (39.8) | <0.001 |
NTISS score, mean ± SD | 16.3 ± 4.2 | 16.9 ± 4.6 | 18.2 ± 5.1 | <0.001 |
Sequences of BSI during hospitalization | 0.014 | |||
First episode | 204 (82.6) | 412 (73.2) | 128 (72.7) | |
2nd episode | 29 (11.7) | 95 (16.9) | 31 (17.6) | |
>2nd episode | 14 (5.7) | 56 (9.9) | 17 (9.7) | |
Concomitant infectious focusc | ||||
Meningitis | 12 (4.9) | 20 (3.6) | 23 (13.1) | 0.001 |
Catheter-related bloodstream infection | 12 (4.9) | 30 (5.3) | 20 (11.4) | 0.012 |
Necrotizing enterocolitis (≥ stage II)d | 4 (1.6) | 10 (1.8) | 7 (4.0) | 0.126 |
Ventilator associated pneumonia | 7 (2.8) | 18 (3.2) | 15 (8.5) | 0.007 |
Otherse | 1 (0.4) | 3 (0.5) | 3 (1.7) | - |