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Table 3 Individual dimension aspects related to dengue mortality according to content analysis

From: Why are people with dengue dying? A scoping review of determinants for dengue mortality

Individual dimension

Consideration as determinant for dengue mortality

References

SDH

Concepta

Observations

Age

Yes

• Age was more often described as a determinant than not.

[2743]

• In children the most affected group were those <15 years old with an emphasis on the group of <5 years old.

• A higher frequency of dengue mortality was reported in adults (mostly in the Americas region)

• Determinant related with immunological status, type of infection and comorbidities.

Comorbidities/

Pre-existing conditions

NC

• Although these conditions might worsen the dengue status, there were not described as directly related to fatal outcomes.

[29, 30, 4356]

• Overlaps of diseases make differential diagnosis difficult and could be considered as independent causes of death.

• The most cited were diabetes, bacterial infections and pregnancy.

Infection type/Immunological status

Yes

• Secondary infections, severe forms and unusual presentations were described as determinants.

[29, 34, 46, 55, 5764]

Sex/Gender

NC

• More dengue cases were described in women, even though the majority of dengue deaths were reported in men.

[27, 29, 30, 35, 37, 39, 4143, 45, 47, 52, 55, 58, 59, 6383]

• Statistically significant differences were described between sexes in dengue in severity but not in mortality.

• Gender differences in frequency were related to care-seeking behavior patterns.

Ethnicity

Yes

• A protective role was described for African ancestry/‘Blacks’ and a risk factor for Caucasian/ ‘Whites’.

[27, 29, 30, 35, 37, 39, 52, 54, 60, 80, 8491]

• Described also as determinant related to socioeconomic status and cultural behaviors.

Occupation

No

• Some occupations were listed (mostly in the single case reports) but none was directly linked to fatal outcome.

[32, 42, 58]

Income

No

• There were no individual reports on the fatal cases’ income.

[92]

• Although it is related to socioeconomic status, income was not reported as a determinant for dengue mortality.

Education

Yes

• Level of education was described in some cases.

[32, 35, 88]

• In the content analysis, it was observed that education was described as a determinant for dengue mortality related to knowledge of patients and health staff.

  1. aConcept according to what was described in the literature. YES Considered to be a determinant, NO Not considered to be a determinant, NC Non-conclusive information