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Table 2 Multivariate Cox regression analyses for time to change from first- to second- line combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)

From: Antiretroviral treatment use, co-morbidities and clinical outcomes among Aboriginal participants in the Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD)

 

n (%) changed

Time at risk (PY)

Rate of change/100PY

AHR

95 % CI

p-value

Overall p

Indigenous

      

0.957

No

416 (37.1)

4946.7

14.2

1

-

-

 

Yes

6 (25.0)

112.6

16.0

1.01

0.63-1.63

0.957

 

Year of HIV diagnosis

      

0.662

<1997

148 (27.9)

2429.9

15.8

1

-

-

 

≥1997

240 (46.5)

2229.0

12.4

0.96

0.80-1.15

0.662

 

Missing

34 (35.0)

400.4

15.7

1.15

0.88-1.52

0.300

 

Year of starting cART

      

<0.001

Prior to 2000

104 (18.5)

2634.5

17.4

1

-

-

 

2000 or later

318 (54.6)

2424.8

10.9

0.54

0.46-0.63

<0.001

 

Clinic setting

      

<0.001#

General practice

157 (44.5)

1965.9

10.0

1

-

-

 

Hospital outpatient

92 (36.8)

958.1

16.5

1.36

1.10-1.69

0.005

 

Sexual Health Clinic

173 (32.0)

2135.3

17.2

1.53

1.28-1.83

<0.001

 

Prior mono or dual antiretroviral therapy

    

0.081

No

354 (41.1)

4012.5

12.6

1

1

-

 

Yes

68 (24.0)

1046.8

20.5

1.24

0.97-1.59

0.081

 

Hepatitis C antibody positive

      

0.053

No

389 (37.9)

4600.7

13.9

1

-

-

 

Yes

33 (28.0)

458.6

18.5

1.25

1.00-1.58

0.053

 

Prior AIDS-defining illness

      

0.304

No

391 (37.4)

4711.4

13.9

1

   

Yes

31 (31.3)

348.0

19.5

1.16

0.88-1.52

0.304

 

CD4 count at time of commencing cART (per mm3)

   

0.011*

<200

45 (32.1)

531.0

17.9

1

-

-

 

200-349

82 (43.9)

808.4

13.0

0.85

0.64-1.13

0.267

 

>350

215 (44.7)

2404.0

11.1

0.73

0.57-0.93

0.010

 

missing

80 (23.8)

1315.8

19.5

0.96

0.76-1.22

0.746

 

HIV viral load at time of commencing cART (copies/ml)

   

0.200*

≤400

150 (49.3)

1439.0

10.7

1

-

-

 

400-10000

124 (41.1)

1426.6

12.5

1.09

0.87-1.36

0.436

 

>10000

70 (34.0)

897.2

15.2

1.17

0.92-1.48

0.200

 

missing

78 (23.5)

1296.5

19.6

1.22

0.60-2.49

0.582

 

First-line cART regimen

      

<0.001#

PI-containing (no NNRTI or II)

104 (23.8)

1535.4

21.7

1

-

-

 

NNRTI-containing (No PI or II)

290 (47.6)

3185.3

10.0

0.56

0.47-0.65

<0.001

 

Other (± NNRTI ± PI ± II)

28 (28.6)

338.6

20.7

1.01

0.78-1.32

0.927

 
  1. Indigenous status included a priori in multivariate model; change defined as addition of ≥ 2 new drugs or ≥ 1 new class in regimen, off treatment periods were included in duration of time to change; missing categories not included in calculations of p-values. Factors not associated on univariate analysis (p > 0.1) with shorter time to change from 1st to 2nd line cART were: gender, age at 1st cART, sexual orientation and past/current Hepatitis B infection
  2. PY Person-years, AHR Adjusted hazard ratio, CI Confidence interval, cART combination antiretroviral therapy (at least 3 antiretroviral agents used in combination), PI protease inhibitor, NNRTI Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, II Integrase inhibitor
  3. * p for trend, # p for heterogeneity
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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