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Table 1 Comparison of the characteristics of the HIV-tested and never-tested men (n = 1261) and women (n = 1360) in 2010

From: Which adults in the Paris metropolitan area have never been tested for HIV? A 2010 multilevel, cross-sectional, population-based study

 

Overall (n = 2621)

%

Never-tested men (n = 537)

%

P-value (tested vs. never-tested)

Never-tested women (n = 451)

%

P-value (tested vs. never-tested)

Age

        

18–29 years

655

25.0

162/332

48.7

<.0001

133/323

41.3

<.0001

30–44 years

959

36.6

144/455

31.6

 

78/504

15.5

 

45–59 years

700

26.7

143/332

43.0

 

140/367

38.1

 

60–69 years

308

11.7

89/142

63.0

 

99/166

59.8

 

Immigration status

        

French/French parents

1688

64.4

329/832

39.5

.0031

257/856

30.0

.001

French/foreign parent (s)

544

20.7

116/243

48.0

 

111/301

36.7

 

Foreigners

389

14.8

92/187

49.4

 

83/203

40.9

 

Children and pregnancy

        

No child under 20 years of age

1921

73.3

514/1201

42.8

.5360

333/720

46.3

<.0001

Child under 20 years of agea

701

26.7

23/60

38.8

 

118/640

18.4

 

Education level

        

None or primary school

145

5.6

52/75

68.8

<.0001

50/70

71.3

<.0001

Secondary school

941

35.9

234/468

50.1

 

173/473

36.6

 

Postsecondary

1535

58.4

251/718

35.0

 

228/817

27.9

 

Employment status

        

Actively employed

1940

74.0

386/1012

38.1

<.0001

233/928

25.1

<.0001

All others

682

26.0

151/249

60.7

 

218/432

50.4

 

Socio-occupational category

        

Never worked

249

9.5

63/83

76.4

<.0001

91/166

54.9

<.0001

Blue collar

190

7.2

88/162

54.0

 

13/27

48.8

 

Lower white-collar

948

36.2

147/362

40.7

 

202/586

34.5

 

Tradespeople, salespeople

479

18.1

93/238

39.2

 

74/237

22.2

 

Upper white-collar

758

28.9

146/416

35.1

 

70/342

20.5

 

Monthly income (€/CU)

        

First quartile (< 1100)

652

24.9

150/305

49.2

.0002

143/347

41.4

.0010

Second quartile (1100–1700)

663

25.3

142/304

46.8

 

113/359

31.5

 

Third quartile (1701–2500)

657

25.1

130/333

39.0

 

84/324

27.3

 

Fourth quartile (≥2501)

649

24.8

115/319

36.1

 

106/330

32.1

 

Health insurance status

final

       

HI + additional insurance

2104

80.4

416/976

42.6

0.0380

345/1128

30.6

<0.0001

HI for the poor

178

6.8

27/86

31.4

 

36/92

39.1

 

HI with no additional insurance

335

12.8

94/198

47.5

 

66/137

48.2

 

Self-perception of HIV risk

        

High

708

27.0

73/349

20.9

<.0001

49/359

13.7

<.0001

Low

1913

73.0

465/912

51.0

 

402/1001

40.1

 

Knowing PLWHA

        

Yes

1650

63.0

396/807

49.1

<.0001

341/844

40.4

<.0001

No

971

37.0

141/455

31.1

 

110/516

21.3

 

Stigma towards PLWHA

        

Score ≤ 2

1740

66.4

320/840

38.1

<.0001

267/900

29.7

.0002

Score > 2

882

33.6

217/421

51.6

 

184/460

39.9

 

Self-reported sexual orientation

        

Heterosexual

2515

95.9

522/1190

43.9

<.0001

435/1325

32.9

<.0001

Homo/bisexual

75

2.9

6/58

10.2

 

1/16

9.4

 

Not answered

31

1.2

10/13

76.9

 

14/19

74.9

 

Sexual partnerships during the previous 5 years

        

No partnerships

243

9.3

43/84

51.9

<.0001

99/159

61.9

<.0001

One partnership

1638

62.5

336/712

47.2

 

302/926

32.6

 

Multiple partnerships

740

28.2

158/465

33.9

 

50/274

18.1

 

Couple status at the time of the survey

        

Not in a relationship

569

21.7

143/279

51.5

<.0001

132/290

45.7

<.0001

Love affair

335

12.8

50/157

32.0

 

59/178

32.9

 

Non-cohabiting couple

156

5.9

21/82

25.5

 

15/73

20.3

 

Cohabiting couple

1562

59.6

323/743

43.4

 

245/818

29.9

 

Lifetime number of couple relationships

        

None

556

21.2

160/320

50.0

<.0001

116/237

49.0

<.0001

One

1317

50.3

285/565

50.5

 

268/753

35.6

 

≥ 2

747

28.5

92/377

24.5

 

67/370

18.0

 

History of STI

        

No

2260

86.2

513/1113

46.1

<.0001

409/1147

35.7

<.0001

Yes

361

13.8

24/148

16.4

 

42/213

19.5

 

Feeling of being supported

        

Yes

2597

99.1

533/1248

42.7

0.561

443/1349

32.8

0.0082

No

24.5

0.9

5/14

35.7

 

8/11

72.7

 

Living alone

        

Yes

414

15.8

75/223

33.6

0.002

73/190

38.4

0.1077

No

2207

84.2

463/1038

44.6

 

378/1169

32.3

 

Sense of belonging to a community

        

No

1806

68.9

347/872

39.8

.0024

273/934

29.3

<.0001

Yes

815

31.1

191/390

48.9

 

177/426

41.7

 

Practice of a religion

        

Practices a religion regularly

492

18.8

86/183

47.1

.1313

136/309

44.0

<.0001

Practices a religion but not on a regular basis

483

18.4

85/199

42.8

 

97/284

34.3

 

Affiliation but does not practice

699

26.7

154/353

43.6

 

101/346

29.1

 

No practicing or affiliation

949

36.2

212/526

40.4

 

117/422

27.8

 

Neighborhood variables

        

Mean annual household income (€/CU)

        

First quartile (< 17,000)

392

14.9

107/182

58.4

<.0001

81/209

38.8

.0026

Second quartile (17,000–21,999)

673

25.7

146/330

44.2

 

133/343

38.9

 

Third quartile (22,000–29,519)

776

29.6

157/375

41.8

 

112/401

28.0

 

Fourth quartile (≥ 29,520)

780

29.8

128/373

34.3

 

124/406

30.4

 

Proportion of immigrants

        

First quartile

791

30.2

155/378

41.1

.0001

113/413

27.3

.0011

Second quartile

735

28.0

127/385

33.1

 

113/350

32.3

 

Third quartile

585

22.3

111/257

43.3

 

124/327

38.0

 

Fourth quartile

511

19.5

143/241

59.4

 

101/269

37.4

 

Proportion of unemployed persons

        

First quartile

707

27.0

130/334

39.0

.0003

112/373

29.9

.0008

Second quartile

835

31.9

156/399

39.2

 

134/436

30.7

 

Third quartile

622

23.7

143/315

45.5

 

98/306

32.0

 

Fourth quartile

457

17.4

107/213

50.3

 

107/244

44.0

 

Proportion of persons with a primary education or less

        

First quartile

868

33.1

153/417

36.7

.0001

115/451

25.4

.0001

Second quartile

831

31.7

162/406

39.9

 

141/425

33.2

 

Third quartile

515

19.7

112/243

46.3

 

110/272

40.3

 

Fourth quartile

406

15.5

110/195

56.2

 

85/211

40.3

 
  1. a including 42 pregnant women
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