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Table 4 Factors associated with poor outcomes among adults hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza and pneumonia, Emerging Infections Program, 2005–2008 (n = 1392)

From: Pneumonia among adults hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza virus infection—United States, 2005–2008

Characteristic

Patients without poor outcomesa n = 950; no. (%)

Patients with poor outcomesa n =442; no. (%)

Unadjusted odds ratio (95 % CI)

Adjusted odds ratiob (95 % CI)

Age*

    

≥75 years

472 (50)

191 (43)

0.8 (0.6–0.9)

0.7 (0.5–0.8)

<75 years

478 (50)

251 (57)

Ref

 

Sex

   

---

Male

452 (48)

208 (47)

1.0 (0.8–1.2)

 

Female

498 (52)

234 (53)

Ref

 

Race/Ethnicity

   

---

White, Non-Hispanic

603 (64)

297 (67)

1.1 (0.8–1.4)

 

Otherc

219 (23)

100 (23)

Ref

 

Unknown

128 (13)

46 (10)

0.8 (0.5–1.2)

 

Virus Type

   

---

Influenza A

700 (74)

237 (76)

1.3 (1.0–1.7)

 

Influenza B

216 (23)

82 (19)

Ref

 

Unknown

34 (4)

23 (5)

1.8 (1.0–3.2)

 

Nursing Home Resident*

139 (15)

89 (20)

1.5 (1.1–2.0)

1.6 (1.2–2.2)

Underlying Conditions*

784 (83)

395 (90)

1.8 (1.3–2.6)

---

Chronic Lung Disease*

250 (26)

167 (38)

1.7 (1.3–2.2)

1.6 (1.2–2.0)

Cardiovascular Disease*

413 (44)

239 (54)

1.5 (1.2–1.9)

1.4 (1.1–1.8)

Chronic Metabolic Disease*

298 (31)

183 (41)

1.5 (1.2–1.9)

1.3 (1.0–1.7)

Renal Disease*

123 (13)

93 (21)

1.8 (1.3–2.4)

1.5 (1.1–2.0)

Immunosuppression*

109 (11)

77 (17)

1.6 (1.2–2.2)

1.5 (1.1–2.1)

  1. *P-value for bivariate association < 0.05
  2. aPoor outcome defined as ICU admission, need for mechanical ventilation or death
  3. bVariables included in adjusted model included age, nursing home residence, chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, chronic metabolic disease, renal disease and immunosuppression
  4. cOther Race/Ethnicities include Black, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander, American Indian, Alaskan Indian, and multi-race