Table 1 Evidence of resistance to classical treatments used in scabies management
From: Scabies: an ancient global disease with a need for new therapies
Study | Indicative cure rate | Drugs and treatment regimen | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
Topical | |||
Benzyl benzoate | |||
[45] Moberg et al., 1984 | (43 %; 6/14) | benzyl benzoate (22.5 %) | case report |
[46] Yonkosky et al., 1990 | (12 %; 23/195) | benzyl benzoate (50 %) | case study |
[47] Nnoruka et al., 2001 | (48 %; 14/29) | benzyl benzoate (22.5 %) | clinical exploratory study |
[38] Glaziou et al., 1993 | (48 %; 10/21) | benzyl benzoate (10 %) | RCT |
Permethrin | |||
[38] Leibowitz, 1993 | (0 %; 0/11) | permethrin 5 % cream | un-controlled case study |
[40] Fraser, 1994 | permethrin | (in vitro study) | |
[48] Walton et al., 2000 | " | (in vitro study) | |
[37] Pasay et al., 2006 | " | (in vitro study) | |
[39] Pasay et al., 2008 | " | (in vitro study) | |
[33] Mounsey et al., 2008 | " | (in vitro study) | |
[34] Mounsey et al., 2009 | " | (in vitro study) | |
[49] Saqib et al., 2012 | quasi clinical study, re-infestation after successful treatment (7 %; 4/60) | ||
[50] Huffam et al., 1997 | (0 %; 0/20) | permethrin 5 % cream | crusted scabies |
Sulphur | |||
[51] Coskey RJ, 1979 | (0 %; 0/1) | sulphur 5 % in an ointment | case report |
Oral | |||
Ivermectin | |||
[52] Glaziou et al., 1993 | (70 %; 16/23) | single dose, 100 μg/kg | RCT, poor efficacy partly attributed to the lower dose used in the study |
[30] Currie et al., 1994 | (0 %; 0/1) | two doses, 200 μg/kg | case report, crusted scabies |
[33] Currie B.J 1999 | five dose regimen, 200 μg/kg | crusted scabies, monthly administration failed to prevent reinfestation | |
[36] Currie et al., 2004 | (0 %; 0/2) | seven doses, 270 μg/kg | reinfestation following seven doses, unpublished observations |
[53] Brooks, et al., 2002 | (56 %; 24/43) | single dose, 200 μg/kg | results evaluated at 3 weeks post treatment |
[33] Mounsey et al., 2008 | In vitro study | ||
[41] van den Hoek et al., 2008 | (0 %; 0/7) | case report | |
[34] Mounsey et al., 2009 | In vitro study | ||
[42] Ly et al., 2009 | (30 %;16/53) single dose, 150–200 μg/kg | first RCT to report resistance of ivermectin | |
[43] Rizvi et al., 2011 | (78 %; 38/50) single dose, 200 μg/kg | quasi clinical study | |
[54] Fujimoto et al., 2014 | (0 %; 0/1) | 6000 μg/week* 3 + 12000 μg/week *3 | case report |
[49] Saqib et al., 2012 | quasi clinical study, re-infestation after successful treatment (7 %; 4/60) | ||
[50] Huffam et al., 1997 | (60 %; 12/20) | one-three doses, 200 μg/kg combined with topical scabicide and keratolytic therapy | crusted scabies |