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Table 2 Assessment of risk of bias within studies

From: The effect of sexually transmitted co-infections on HIV viral load amongst individuals on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

Number of STIs tested

Sampling site for HIV

ART adherence reported

Adolf 2012 [31]

1

Blood plasma

No

Anderson 2008 [32]

6

Blood and CVL

No

Conley 2010 [33]

6

Not reported

No

Chan 2008 [12]

3

Blood and semen

No

Cu-Uvin 2001 [26]

3

Blood and CVL

No

Graham 2011 [34]

7

Cervix and vagina

Yes

Jarzebowski 2012 [35]

1

Blood plasma

No

Kofoed 2006 [36]

1

Blood plasma

No

Madeddu 2014 [41]

1

Blood plasma

Yes

Politch 2012 [37]

4

Semen

No

Sadiq 2002 [38]

2

Blood and semen

No

Sha 2005 [39]

8

Blood and CVL

No

Sudenga 2012 [40]

8

Blood plasma

Yes

Winter 1999 [10]

2

Blood and semen

No

  1. Studies reporting a large number of STIs tested, ART adherence and measuring HIV, VL viral load in genital secretions are less likely to bias estimates of the effect of STI co-infection on HIV transmission, CVL cervicovaginal lavage