Table 2 Mutations in QRDR of GyrA and ParC observed in 35 nalidixic acid- and/or ciprofloxacin-resistant S. Typhi isolated between 2002 and 2013 and corresponding zone diameters obtained by the disk diffusion test for ciprofloxacin
Mutation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of isolates (%) | GyrA | ParC | No. of CIP resistant isolates (zone diameters [mm])a | Years of isolation | Identified associated country (no. of isolates) |
8 (22.9) | Ser83 → Tyr | 4 (20) | 2002–2009 | India (2), Bangladesh (1) | |
18 (51.4) | Ser83 → Phe | 5 (19–21) | 2003–2011 | India (2), Pakistan (3), Bangladesh (1), Cambodia (1) | |
1 (2.9) | Ser83 → Phe | Glu84 → Gly | 1 (14) | 2006 | India (1) |
1 (2.9) | Ser83 → Phe | Glu84 → Lys | 0 (21) | 2008 | India (1) |
7 (20) | Ser83 → Phe / Asp87 → Asn | Ser80 → Ile | 7 (6–11) | 2010–2013 | India (2), Nepal (1) |