Table 1 Antibiotics taken before and during hospital stay, cases and controls

Fluoroquinolones

11 (14)

7 (4)

3.5 (1.2 – 11.0)

0.009*

3 ^rd /4 ^th gen. Cephalosporins

6 (7)

12 (8)

1 (0.3 – 3.0)

1

Carbapenems

1 (1)

2 (1)

1 (0.0 – 19.5)

1

Penicillins

4 (5)

12 (8)

0.6 (0.1 – 2.24)

0.464

Rifamycins

8 (10)

6 (4)

2.9 (0.8 – 10.3)

0.05*

Clindamycin

0 (0)

0 (0)

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Antibiotics during hospital stay

Fluoroquinolones

28 (35)

29 (18)

2.4 (1.3 – 4.7)

0.004*

3 ^rd /4 ^th gen. Cephalosporins

25 (32)

53 (34)

0.9 (0.5 – 1.7)

0.77

Carbapenems

18 (23)

9 (6)

4.9 (1.9 – 13.0)

0.0001*

Penicillins

15 (19)

27 (17)

1.1 (0.5 – 2.4)

0.718

Rifamycins

11 (14)

8 (5)

3.0 (1.1 – 9.1)

0.18

Clindamycin

3 (4)

1 (1)

6.2 (0.5 – 327.3)

0.075