Impact of Clostridium difficile infection among pneumonia and urinary tract infection hospitalizations: an analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample

Table 4 Regression analyses of in-hospital mortality and health resource utilization upon secondary CDI among patients ages 65+ with pneumonia or urinary tract infection ^a

	In-hospital mortality	Health resource utilization
	In-hospital mortality	Length of stay	Total charge
	OR (95% CI)^b	IRR (95% CI)^b	% change (95% CI)^b
Primary pneumonia with secondary CDI^c
Women	2.67 (2.34, 3.05)*	2.18 (2.08, 2.29)*	71.04 (66.4, 75.73)*
Men	3.06 (2.69, 3.48)*	2.25 (2.14, 2.35)*	74.52 (69.76, 79.27)*
Primary UTI with secondary CDI^d
Women	3.59 (2.73, 4.71)*	2.06 (1.94, 2.18)*	54.99 (50.20, 59.78)*
Men	4.35 (3.07, 6.16)*	2.07 (1.93, 2.23)*	57.13 (49.17, 65.08)*

*Bonferroni adjusted P < 0.0017
CDI = Clostridium difficile infection, UTI = Urinary tract infection, OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval, IRR = incidence rate ratio
^aBinary logistic regression for in-hospital mortality, negative binomial regression for length of stay, linear regression for total charges. All procedures were survey weighted
^bModel adjusted for patient characteristics, hospital characteristics, and year
^cReference = primary pneumonia no secondary CDI
^dReference = UTI no secondary CDI

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