Table 2 Univariable and multivariable generalized estimating equations analyses of factors associated with ≥ 95% adherence to antiretroviral therapy among 692 illicit drug users

Gender (female vs. male)

0.70

0.56 – 0.88

0.002

0.77

0.68 – 0.87

0.038

Age (per 10 years older)

2.04

1.75 – 2.38

<0.001

1.66

1.54 – 1.80

<0.001

Caucasian (yes vs. no)

1.37

1.12 – 1.69

0.002

1.07

0.95 – 1.19

0.571

Heroin injection (yes vs. no)⁴

0.67

0.58 – 0.78

<0.001

0.76

0.67 – 0.85

0.002

Cocaine injection (yes vs. no)⁴

0.73

0.63 – 0.85

<0.001

0.74

0.66 – 0.83

0.001

Amphetamine injection (yes vs. no)⁴

1.14

0.89 – 1.47

0.305

Crack cocaine smoking (yes vs. no)⁴

0.95

0.82 – 1.10

0.525

Methadone maintenance therapy (yes vs. no)⁴

1.74

1.45 – 2.10

<0.001

1.96

1.75 – 2.19

<0.001

Time since ART initiation (per year increase)

1.08

1.06 – 1.11

<0.001

1.02

0.99 – 1.04

0.090

CD4+ cell count at ART initiation (per 100 cells/mL increase)

0.87

0.83 – 0.92

<0.001

0.88

0.85 – 0.90

<0.001