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Table 2 Clinical variables of interest of the case group and control patients

From: Risk factors for bloodstream infection in patients at a Brazilian hemodialysis center: a case–control study

 

Case (n = 81)

Control (n = 81)

p-value

Comorbidities

    

Hypertension

71(87.6)

59 (72.8)

0.018

Cardiovascular diseases

17 (20.9)

12 (14.8)

0.306

Diabetes mellitus

26 (32.0)

26(32.0)

1.000

Others*

 

27 (33.3)

22 (27.2)

0.421

Body mass index, Kg/m2

24 ± 4.3

24 ± 3.9

0.945

Previous treatments

56 (69.1)

47 (58.0)

0.141

Type of previous treatments

   

Conservative

 

36 (64.3)

30 (37.0)

0.337

Peritoneal dialysis

19 (33.9)

9 (11.1)

0.038

Hemodialysis

 

17 (30.4)

9 (11.1)

0.087

Transplant

 

15 (26.8)

8 (9,9)

0.115

Duration of hemodialysis treatment, months

29 ± 39.2

36 ± 42.1

0.276

Type of current venous access

   

AVF**

 

25 (30.9)

64 (79.0)

<0.001

Tunneled hemodialysis CVC***

52 (64.2)

13 (16.0)

 

Non-tunneled hemodialysis CVC

4 (4.9)

1 (1.2)

 

PTFE Graft****

0 (-)

3 (3.7)

 
 

Location of current venous access

   
 

Upper arm

24 (29.6)

67 (82.7)

 
 

Jugular vein

50 (61.7)

13 (16.0)

 
 

Subclavian vein

7 (8.6)

0 (-)

 
 

Femoral vein

0 (-)

1 (1.2)

 
 

Duration of current venous access

   
 

0–30

 

17 (21,0)

3 (3.7)

<0.001

 

30–180 days

27 (33.3)

8 (9.9)

 
 

>180 days

37 (45.7)

70 (86.4)

 

Previous venous access (6 months)

26 (32.1)

11 (13.6)

0.005

Number of previous accesses

1.2 ± 0.41

1.3 ± 0.46

0.744

 

Type of previous venous access

   
 

AVF

 

7 (8.6)

3 (3.7)

0.192

 

Tunneled hemodialysis CVC

14 (17.3)

5 (6.2)

0.028

 

Non-tunneled hemodialysis CVC

5 (6.2)

6 (7.4)

0.755

 

PTEF Graft

5 (6.2)

1 (1.2)

0.210

  

Location of tunneled hemodialysis CVC

  

Jugular vein

 

13 (16.0)

3 (3.7)

 
  

Subclavian vein

 

0 (-)

1 (1.2)

 
  

Location of non-tunneled hemodialysis CVC

  

Jugular vein

 

4 (4.9)

6 (7.4)

 
  

Subclavian vein

 

1 (1.2)

0

 
  

Duration of previous venous access

  

AVF

    
  

0–30

 

0

1 (1.2)

 
  

30–180 days

 

4 (4.9)

0 (-)

 
  

>180 days

 

3 (3.7)

2 (2.5)

 
  

Tunneled hemodialysis CVC

  

0–30

 

4 (4.9)

0 (-)

0.034

  

30–180 days

 

6 (7.4)

5 (6.2)

 
  

>180 days

 

4 (4.9)

0 (-)

 
  

Non-tunneled hemodialysis CVC

  

0–30

 

1 (1.2)

6 (7.4)

 
  

30–180 days

 

3 (3.7)

0

 
  

>180 days

 

1 (1.2)

0

 
  

PTFE Graft**

    
  

0–30

 

0 (-)

0 (-)

 
  

30–180 days

 

1 (1.2)

0 (-)

 
  

>180 days

 

4 (4.9)

1 (1.2)

 

Transfusions

 

11 (13.6)

7 (8.6)

0.317

Number of transfusions

1.9 ± 2.7

1 (-)

0.246

Hospitalizations due to infection

21 (25.9)

  

Length of hospital stay

16.9 ± 16.4

  

Previous use of antimicrobials

28 (34.6)

14 (17.3)

0.012

Previous hospitalizations

19 (23.5)

4 (4.9)

<0.001

Number of previous hospitalizations

1.5 ± 1.2

1(-)

0.259

  1. Values are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%). *hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, neoplasm and systemic lupus erythematosus; **AVF: arteriovenous fistula; ***CVC: central venous catheter; ****PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene.