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Table 4 Cox proportional regression model for risk of HIV infection or death at 18 months

From: HIV-free survival according to the early infant-feeding practices; a retrospective study in an anti-retroviral therapy programme in Makurdi, Nigeria

 

HIV-infection or Death N (%)

Univariate analysis p-value

Multivariate aHR (95%CI)

Analysis p-value

Mode of feeding

    

EBF (Ref)

12 (23.5)

   

EBMS

24 (47.1)

0.148

0.382 (0.175 – 0.832)

0.015

MF

15 (29.4)

0.000

5.182 (2.273 – 11.809)

0.000

Birth weight (grams)

    

≥2500 (Ref)

47 (92.2)

   

˂2500

4 (7.8)

0.568

0.808 (0.273 – 2.397)

0.701

Gestational age (weeks)

    

≥37 (Ref)

41 (80.4)

   

˂37

10 (19.6)

0.000

8.084 (2.921 – 22.375)

0.000

Mode of delivery

    

ELE C/S (Ref)

2 (3.9)

   

Vaginal

46 (90.2)

0.032

0.447 (0.045 – 4.452)

0.492

EME C/S

3 (5.9)

0.243

0.977 (0.078 – 12.298)

0.986

ROM

    

NO ROM (Ref)

2 (3.9)

   

˂4 hours

40 (78.4)

0.022

0.637 (0.224 – 1.811)

0.398

≥4 hours

9 (17.6)

0.706

NA

NA

Vaginal tear

    

No (Ref)

33 (64.7)

   

Yes

18 (35.3)

0.022

1.598 (0.820 – 3.113)

0.168

Oral thrush

    

No (Ref)

49 (96.1)

   

Yes

2 (3.9)

0.227

0.317 (0.043 – 2.338)

0.206

Oral sores

    

No (Ref)

50 (98.0)

   

Yes

1 (2.0)

0.857

3.015 (0.285 – 31.927)

0.359

Mothers’ age group in years

    

15-24 (Ref)

8 (16.7)

   

25-34

34 (66.7)

0.704

NA

NA

35-39

8 (15.7)

0.364

  

≥40

1 (2.0)

0.837

  

*Mothers’ CD4 count

    

(Cells/mm3)

    

≥500 (Ref)

8 (16.7)

   

˂200

12 (25.0)

0.065

2.009 (0.683 – 5.904)

0.205

200-349

16 (33.3)

0.816

1.465 (0.596 – 3.600)

0.405

350-499

12 (25.0)

0.990

1.252 (0.544 – 2.883)

0.597

*Mothers’ viral load

    

(Copies/ml)

    

˂1000 (Ref)

25 (53.2)

0.265

1.468 (0.683 – 3.153)

0.325

1000-9999

10 (21.3)

0.001

2.526 (1.103 – 5.787)

0.028

10,000-99,999

11 (23.4)

0.864

0.617 (0.073 – 5.211)

0.658

≥100,000

1 (2.1)

   

PMTCT intervention in the mother

    

HAART

6 (11.8)

   

ARVs

45 (88.2)

0.064

2.069 (0.784 – 5.460)

0.142

*Mothers’ hemoglobin

    

≥10 g/dl (Ref)

13 (25.6)

0.058

0.755 (0.332 – 1.718)

0.530

10 g/dl

38 (74.5)

   

Parity

    

1 (Ref)

24 (47.1)

   

2-4

22 (43.1)

0.942

NA

NA

≥5

5 (9.8)

0.760

  

Breast problems reported or diagnosed at any time between birth and the 18th month

    

No (Ref)

50 (98.0)

   

Yes

1 (2.0)

0.834

1.437 (0.187 – 11.203)

0.729

Mothers’ vital status at 18 month

    

Alive (Ref)

51 (100.0)

   

Dead

0 (0.0)

0.707

0.000 (0.000 – 0.000)

0.973

Mothers’ level of education

  

NA

NA

Some (Ref)

38 (74.5)

   

None

13 (25.5)

0.566

  

Mothers’ marital status

    

With a partner (Ref)

48 94.1

0.796

NA

NA

Without a partner

1 (5.9)

   

Mothers/Family monthly income

    

Minimum and above wage (Ref)

12 (23.5)

   

Below minimum wage (~105 USD)

39 (76.5)

0.781

NA

NA

  1. Legends: Ref = reference variable; EME C/S = emergency caesarean section; ELE C/S = elective caesarean section; EBF = exclusive breast feeding; EBMS = exclusive breast milk substitute feeding; MF = mixed feeding; ROM = rupture of membrane; PMTCT = prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV; HAART = highly active antiretroviral therapy; ARVs = antiretroviral prophylaxis; USD = United States dollars; * = pre-delivery values; NA = not available.