Prenatal testing and prevalence of HIV infection during pregnancy: data from the “Birth in Brazil” study, a national hospital-based study

Table 4 Univariate and multivariable logistic regression on the maternal characteristics associated with HIV infection, Brazil, 2011-2012

Maternal characteristics	Prevalence of HIV infection (%)	95% CI	Univariate analysis			Multivariable analysis¹
Maternal characteristics	Prevalence of HIV infection (%)	95% CI	OR²	95% CI³	p	OR²	95% CI³	p
Region of residence
Southeast	0.34	0.24-0.50	1			1
North	0.44	0.18-1.09	1.30	0.49-3.47		1.11	0.43-2.90
Northeast	0.29	0.15-0.57	0.82	0.38-1.75		0.70	0.31-1.58
South	0.87	0.64-1.18	2.51	1.55-4.09	0.001	2.95	1.78-4.91	<0.001
Midwest	0.31	0.13-0.77	0.91	0.34-2.43		0.92	0.34-2.46
Maternal age
12 to 19 years	0.14	0.07-0.28	1			1
20 to 34 years	0.44	0.34-0.58	3.04	1.47-6.30	0.004	4.45	2.08-9.51	<0.001
35 and over	0.60	0.35-1.04	4.17	1.75-9.98	0.004	6.33	2.54-15.80	<0.001
Schooling level (years)
11 or more	0.24	0.16-0.35	1			1
8 to 10	0.48	0.27-0.86	2.12	1.03-4.33		2.03	0.97-4.26
0 to 7	0.63	0.46-0.87	2.78	1.62-4.78	0.001	2.26	1.28-3.98	0.014
Skin color ⁴
White	0.32	0.23-0.46	1			1
Mixed	0.35	0.25-0.48	1.08	0.67-1.74		1.09	0.67-1.79
Black	1.09	0.65-1.82	3.38	1.78-6.39	<0.001	2.89	1.57-5.31	0.001
Conjugal situation
With partner	0.35	0.26-0.47	1			1
Without partner	0.63	0.44-0.90	1.83	1.18-2.86	0.008	1.87	1.21-2.87	0.005
Syphilis infection ⁵
No	0.38	0.29-0.48	1			1
Yes	2.86	1.20-6.70	7.92	3.05-20.58	<0.001	4.75	2.01-11.21	<0.001
Type of delivery service ⁶
Private	0.10	0.04-0.22	1			1
Mixed	0.33	0.22-0.50	3.40	1.38-8.38		2.11	0.83-5.34
Public	0.58	0.43-0.79	5.94	2.53-13.96	<0.001	4.08	1.65-10.08	0.003

¹All the analyses were adjusted for the following variables: region of residence, age, schooling level, skin color, conjugal situation, syphilis infection and type of delivery care service (public, mixed or private).
²OR = odds ratio; ³CI = confidence interval; ⁴Pregnant women with East Asian or indigenous skin color were excluded from this analysis.
⁵Women who presented with one of the following criteria were considered to present syphilis infection: record of a reactive serological test for syphilis on the prenatal card or the hospital medical files; record of a diagnosis of syphilis on the prenatal card or the hospital medical files; or a case of congenital syphilis as an outcome from the present pregnancy.
⁶Type of delivery service: public = deliveries only with public funding; private = deliveries only with private funding; mixed = deliveries with either public or private funding.

ISSN: 1471-2334