Table 3 Etiologies of SARI in children < 5 years old, by age group, in Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya
From: Severe acute respiratory infection in children in a densely populated urban slum in Kenya, 2007–2011
<1 year n (%) | 12-23 months n (%) | 24-59 months n (%) | All cases, n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total patients seen | 12445 | 11838 | 21385 | 45668 |
SARI cases | 980 (7.9%) | 718 (6.1%) | 894 (4.2%) | 2592 (5.7%) |
Rate of SARI (per 100 PYO) | 30.4 | 16.7 | 6.7 | 12.4 |
CFRa for SARI cases | 13 (1.3%) | 2 (0.3%) | 3 (0.3%) | 18 (0.7%) |
Blood cultures (BC) done | 270 (27.6%) | 243 (33.8%) | 349 (39.0%) | 862 (33.3%) |
BCs without contaminant | 259 (26.4%) | 236 (32.9%) | 341 (38.1%) | 836 (32.3%) |
S. pneumoniae b | 4 (1.5%) | 3 (1.3%) | 1 (0.3%) | 8 (1%) |
H. influenzae b | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
S. aureus b | 10 (3.9%) | 1 (0.4%) | 3 (0.9%) | 14 (1.7%) |
Klebsiella pneumoniae b | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Non-typhi Salmonellab | 7 (2.7%) | 3 (1.3%) | 3 (0.9%) | 13 (1.6%) |
Salmonella Typhi | 1 (0.4%) | 2 (0.8%) | 2 (0.6%) | 5 (0.6%) |
Other pathogenic bacteriab,c | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.1%) |
Naso/oropharyngeal swabs collected | 285 (29.1%) | 241 (33.6%) | 289 (32.3%) | 815 (31.4%) |
Influenza A | 27 (9.4%) | 26 (10.8%) | 39 (13.5%) | 92 (11.3%) |
Influenza B | 4 (1.4%) | 6 (2.5%) | 11 (3.8%) | 21 (2.6%) |
Influenza A or B | 31 (10.9%) | 31 (12.9%) | 50 (17.1%) | 112 (13.7%) |
Respiratory syncytial virus | 74 (25.9%) | 49 (20.3%) | 46 (15.8%) | 169 (20.7%) |
Adenovirus | 57 (20%) | 76 (31.5%) | 108 (36.9%) | 241 (29.5%) |
Parainfluenza virus 1 | 10 (3.5%) | 10 (4.1%) | 8 (2.7%) | 28 (3.4%) |
Parainfluenza virus 2 | 7 (2.5%) | 7 (2.9%) | 11 (3.8%) | 25 (3.1%) |
Parainfluenza virus 3 | 31 (10.9%) | 27 (11.2%) | 19 (6.5%) | 77 (9.4%) |
Any Parainfluenza | 46 (16.1%) | 43 (17.8%) | 34 (11.6%) | 123 (15.0%) |
Human metapneumovirus | 39 (13.7%) | 23 (9.5%) | 35 (11.9%) | 97 (11.9%) |
Rhinovirus/Enterovirusd | 32/76 (42%) | 36/73 (49%) | 29/55 (53%) | 97/204 (47.5%) |
Parechovirusd | 3/76 (4%) | 0 | 1/55 (1.8%) | 4 (2.0%) |
Atypical bacteriae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Positive > =1 virus | 204 (71.6%) | 182 (75.5%) | 195 (66.8%) | 581 (71.0%) |
Positive > =2 virus | 71 (24.9%) | 67 (27.8%) | 83 (28.4%) | 221 (27.0%) |