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Table 3 Factors associated with L. crispatus, L. iners, G. vaginalis, A. vaginae and Lactobacillus genus: results from a multiple logistic regression model for the reference women and for all women

From: The significance of Lactobacillus crispatus and L. vaginalis for vaginal health and the negative effect of recent sex: a cross-sectional descriptive study across groups of African women

Reference women N = 217

L. crispatus

L. iners

G. vaginalis

A. vaginae

Lactobacillusgenus*

 

OR (CI)

OR (CI)

OR (CI)

OR (CI)

Log concentrations (CI)

Parity

p = 0.831

p = 0.003

p = 0.587

p = 0.265

p = 0.179

0

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

1 – 2

0.82(0.36,1.88)

0.43(0.18,1.05)

1.40(0.67,2.93)

1.81(0.85,3.86)

−0.79(−1.67,0.10)

>2

1.01(0.36,2.86)

0.16(0.05,0.47)

1.07(0.41,2.75)

1.93(0.72,5.16)

−0.91(−2.06,0.24)

Seminal factor present

p = 0.003

p = 0.715

p = 0.773

p = 0.435

p = 0.016

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Yes

0.34(0.16,0.72)

1.13(0.58,2.23)

1.09(0.60,1.97)

1.27(0.69,2.34)

−0.89(−1.61,-0.17)

Nr of sexual partners last 3 months 1

p = 0.901

p = 0.049

p = 0.049

p = 0.204

p = 0.667

0

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

1

1.16(0.36,3.72)

3.90(1.27,11.94)

4.17(1.22,14.23)

2.14(0.63,7.32)

0.49(−0.84,1.83)

>1

0.74(0.06,9.56)

1.97(0.22,17.63)

3.12(0.34,28.91)

6.83(0.74,63.15)

−0.15(−2.74,2.44)

Intravaginal cleansing during bathing

p = 0.420

p = 0.208

p = 0.281

p = 0.023

p = 0.007

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Yes

1.33(0.66,2.65)

1.55(0.78,3.09)

0.72(0.39,1.31)

0.49(0.26,0.91)

1.01(0.28,1.75)

Contraception use

p = 0.259

p = 0.368

p = 0.008

p = 0.015

p = 0.606

None/Non-Hormonal

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Hormonal

0.66(0.32,1.36)

1.39(0.68,2.82)

0.42(0.22,0.88)

0.44(0.22,0.86)

0.21(−0.58,0.99)

Recent antibiotic use

p = 0.360

p = 0.704

p = 0.697

p = 0.383

p = 0.980

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Yes

0.63(0.23,1.73)

0.83(0.33,2.13)

1.18(0.51,2.72)

1.45(0.63,3.35)

−0.01(−1.03,1.00)

All women N = 426

L. crispatus

L. iners

G. vaginalis

A. vaginae

Lactobacillus genus*

Parity

p = 0.324

p = 0.002

p = 0.477

p = 0.793

p = 0.763

0

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

1 – 2

0.76(0.43,1.36)

0.94 (0.54,1.66)

1.13(0.69,1.84)

1.15(0.70,1.87)

0.03(−0.58,0.64)

>2

1.24(0.59,2.62)

0.33 (0.16,0.67)

0.75(0.39,1.46)

0.99(0.51,1.94)

−0.19(−1.01,0.64)

Seminal factor present

p = 0.001

p = 0.933

p = 0.744

p = 0.503

p = 0.001

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Yes

0.36(0.21,0.61)

1.01(0.63,1.61)

1.07(0.71,1.61)

1.13(0.75,1.70)

−1.00 (−1.51,-0.49)

Nr of sexual partners last 3 months 1

p = 0.319

p = 0.003

p = 0.022

p = 0.095

p = 0.310

0

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

1

0.50(0.21,1.17)

4.40 (1.86,10.41)

2.47 (1.02,5.98)

1.61 (0.64,4.02)

0.20(−0.85,1.25)

>1

0.51(0.17,1.58)

3.05 (1.06,8.79)

4.35 (1.48,12.74)

2.91 (0.99,8.61)

0.82(−0.46,2.10)

Intravaginal cleansing during bathing

p = 0.408

p = 0.057

p = 0.557

p = 0.178

p = 0.099

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Yes

0.81(0.50,1.32

1.58 (0.99,2.53)

0.88(0.58,1.34)

0.75(0.50,1.14)

0.44 (−0.08,0.96)

Contraception use

p = 0.224

p = 0.445

p = 0.293

p = 0.373

p = 0.125

None/Non-Hormonal

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Hormonal

0.70(0.41,1.22)

0.78(0.47,1.31)

0.83(0.52,1.30)

0.83(0.52,1.32)

−0.53(−1.09,0.04)

Recent antibiotic use

p = 0.110

p = 0.606

p = 0.054

p = 0.052

p = 0.832

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Yes

0.63(0.33,1.21)

0.65(0.38,1.13)

1.76 (0.98,3.15)

1.74 (1.00,3.03)

−0.64(−1.26,-0.01)

  1. Results that remained significant (using a p = 0.05 cut-off) in the model are depicted in bold. *: non- logistic regression model. qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 1Data collected at the screening visit up to two months before the enrolment visit. Nr: number. The numbers in each category for the variables are listed in the Additional file 2.