Table 1 Presence and concentrations of vaginal microbiota species
| Â | Reference group | Pregnant women | Adolescents | Intravaginal practices | Sex workers | HIV-positive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | Kenya N = 109 | South Africa N = 108 | Kenya N = 30 | South Africa N = 30 | Kenya N = 29 | South Africa N = 30 | South Africa N = 30 | Rwanda N = 30 | Rwanda N = 30 |
Presence of species by qPCR | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) |
Lactobacillus genus | 101(93) | 98(91) | 30(100) | 30(100) | 27(93) | 24(80) | 28(93) | 28(93) | 24(80) |
Lactobacillus crispatus | 29(27) | 26(24) | 6(20) | 7(23) | 11(38) | 6(20) | 5(17) | 5(17) | 5(17) |
Lactobacillus iners | 75(69) | 82(76) | 24(80) | 23(77) | 23(79) | 20(67) | 26(87) | 18(60) | 19(63) |
Lactobacillus jensenii | 19(17) | 25(23) | 6(20) | 10(23) | 7(24) | 2(7) | 6(20) | 1(3) | 3(10) |
Lactobacillus gasseri | 7(6) | 8(7) | 3(10) | 3(10) | 4(14) | 2(7) | 2(7) | 4(13) | 3(10) |
Lactobacillus vaginalis | 33(30) | 28(26) | 9(30) | 7(23) | 14(48) | 7(23) | 5(17) | 8(27) | 9(30) |
Gardnerella vaginalis | 59(54) | 49(45) | 14(47) | 15(50) | 17(59) | 19(63) | 16(53) | 23(73) | 21(70) |
Atopobium vaginae | 46(42) | 37(34) | 9(30) | 11(37) | 10(34) | 19(43) | 11(37) | 17(57) | 14(47) |
Prevotella bivia | 97(89) | 83(77) | 29(97) | 21(70) | 24(83) | 12(40) | 22(63) | 30(100) | 27(70) |
Escherichia coli | 28(26) | 29(27) | 6(20) | 10(23) | 8(28) | 4(13) | 9(30) | 21(70) | 6(20) |
Candida albicans | 15(14) | 12(11) | 4(13) | 1(3) | 3(10) | 0 | 5(17) | 4(13) | 3(10) |
Vaginal species concentrations by qPCR 1 | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
Lactobacillus genus | 6.4(2.1) | 6.9(1.7) | 7.5(1) | 6.5(2.3) | 7.5(1.1) | 5.3(2.5) | 6.4(2.1) | 7.1(1.7) | 6.5(2.4) |
Lactobacillus crispatus | 6.8(2.2) | 7.2(1.6) | 8(0.4) | 7.6(1.5) | 7.3(2.2) | 7.1(1.3) | 7.5(1.3) | 7.8(1.1) | 4.7(3.4) |
Lactobacillus iners | 6.6(2.2) | 7(2) | 7.6(1.1) | 6.9(1.6) | 7.4(1.7) | 4.9(3.1) | 6.7(2.3) | 8.1(1.1) | 7.3(2.4) |
Lactobacillus jensenii | 5.6(2.5) | 6.3(1.9) | 6.6(1) | 7.7(0.9) | 5.5(3.1) | 3.5(3.6) | 5(3.2) | 8.3(NA) | 6.3(1) |
Lactobacillus gasseri | 3.3(2.9) | 5.3(1.9) | 6.3(1.3) | 5.1(3.8) | 4.7(2.5) | 6.4(0.4) | 3.8(4) | 4.1(3.5) | 1(NA) |
Lactobacillus vaginalis | 2.6(3) | 3.8(3.2) | 3.9(3.4) | 4.4(3.9) | 5.2(2.8) | 6.2(0.7) | 3.1(4.4) | 4.8(3.2) | 4.1(2.7) |
Gardnerella vaginalis | 5.4(1.1) | 5.3(0.9) | 5.5(1.2) | 5.2(0.9) | 5.5(0.8) | 4.6(1.2) | 5.2(1.4) | 6.2(1) | 5.6(1) |
Atopobium vaginae | 5.5(1.8) | 5.1(1.5) | 7(1) | 5.2(1.7) | 5.4(2.4) | 5(1.7) | 5.7(1.3) | 6.6(1.8) | 5.5(1.5) |
Prevotella bivia | 3.1(1.2) | 3.2(1.1) | 3.1(1.3) | 3.3(0.9) | 3.3(1.3) | 3.2(1.1) | 3.5(1.1) | 3.6(1.1) | 3.3(1) |
Escherichia coli | 5.2(0.4) | 5.1(0.6) | 5(0.5) | 5.2(0.5) | 5.1(0.4) | 4.8(0.3) | 4.9(0.3) | 5.3(0.6) | 5.9(1.1) |
Candida albicans | 4.9(1.3) | 5.1(0.7) | 5.7(1) | 4.6(NA) | 6(0.7) | 0(NA) | 5.3(0.8) | 5.4(1.2) | 4.9(0.2) |
Nugent score 2 and vaginal pH | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Vaginal pH | 5.1(0.9) | 4.5(0.6) | 4.8(0.8) | 4.3(0.5) | 4.7(0.7) | 4.4(0.6) | 4.6(0.6) | 5.1(0.6) | 4.7(0.6) |
Nugent 0–3: normal | 55(56) | 63(66) | 19(68) | 18(62) | 18(67) | 13(45) | 16(59) | 6(24) | 13(48) |
Nugent 4–6: intermediate | 8(8) | 6(6) | 1(4) | 2(7) | 4(15) | 4(14) | 1(4) | 2(8) | 1(4) |
Nugent 7–10: bacterial vaginosis | 36(36) | 27(28) | 8(29) | 9(31) | 5(19) | 12(41) | 10(37) | 17(68) | 13(48) |