Table 4 Baseline comparisons using unadjusted odds ratios, between single viral infections (n = 563) and co-detections (n = 85) in 2012-2013
Variable | Single infection % | Co-detection % | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Categorical variables | ||||
Race | 0.180 | |||
White | 87.7 | 12.3 | 0.61 (0.24-1.53) | |
Black | 79.6 | 20.4 | 1.11 (0.36-3.43) | |
Other | 81.2 | 18.8 | Referent | |
Sex | 0.780 | |||
Male | 87.3 | 12.7 | Referent | |
Female | 86.6 | 13.4 | 1.07 (0.67-1.71) | |
Hispanic | 0.940 | |||
No | 86.9 | 13.1 | Referent | |
Yes | 87.5 | 12.5 | 0.95 (0.21-4.23) | |
Age group | 0.010 | |||
6 mo-17 years | 81.6 | 18.4 | 2.51 (1.33-4.72) | |
18-49 years | 87.8 | 12.2 | 1.55 (0.81-2.96) | |
≥50 years | 91.8 | 8.2 | Referent | |
Household members ≥18 | 0.690 | |||
1 | 89.2 | 10.8 | 0.82 (0.39-1.74) | |
2 | 86.1 | 13.9 | 1.09 (0.63-1.88) | |
≥3 | 87.1 | 12.9 | Referent | |
Household member <18 | 0.003 | |||
0 | 92.0 | 8.0 | 0.45 (0.23-0.90) | |
1 | 86.6 | 13.4 | 0.80 (0.38-1.68) | |
2 | 79.4 | 20.6 | 1.34 (0.69-2.62) | |
≥3 | 83.8 | 16.2 | Referent | |
Subjective social status, range = 0-9 | 0.910 | |||
1-4 | 87.2 | 12.8 | 1.25 (0.55-2.88) | |
5 | 90.5 | 9.5 | 0.89 (0.38-2.09) | |
6 | 89.8 | 10.2 | 0.97 (0.43-2.21) | |
≥7 | 89.5 | 10.5 | Referent | |
Smoking status | 0.260 | |||
Smoker | 85.9 | 14.1 | 1.52 (0.73-3.13) | |
Non-smoker | 90.2 | 9.8 | Referent | |
Household smoking | 0.910 | |||
Yes | 86.7 | 13.3 | 1.03 (0.58-1.86) | |
No | 87.1 | 12.9 | Referent | |
Asthma Status | 0.600 | |||
Yes | 85.4 | 14.6 | 1.16 (0.67-1.99) | |
No | 87.1 | 12.9 | Referent | |
Influenza vaccination status | 0.220 | |||
Yes | 88.5 | 11.5 | Referent | |
No | 85.1 | 14.9 | 1.34 (0.84-2.12) | |
Self-reported health status | 0.090 | |||
Fair/Poor | 89.7 | 10.3 | 0.54 (0.15-1.87) | |
Good | 86.0 | 14.0 | 0.76 (0.43-1.34) | |
Very good | 90.4 | 9.6 | 0.49 (0.28-0.86) | |
Excellent | 82.3 | 17.7 | Referent | |
Ability to perform usual activities | 0.190 | |||
Not at all (0–5) | 84.8 | 15.2 | 2.21 (0.85-5.81) | |
Somewhat (6–8) | 87.9 | 12.1 | 1.71 (0.64-4.57) | |
Able to perform (9) | 92.5 | 7.5 | Referent | |
Current employment | 0.170 | |||
Yes | 89.0 | 11.0 | Referent | |
No | 93.8 | 6.2 | 0.53 (0.21-1.32) | |
Child attends school outside home (for those <18 years old) | 0.090 | |||
Yes | 85.1 | 14.9 | Referent | |
No | 73.8 | 26.2 | 2.02 (0.88-4.67) | |
Anti-viral medication prescribed | 0.840 | |||
Yes | 86.8 | 13.2 | Referent | |
No | 87.7 | 12.3 | 0.92 (0.40-2.13) | |
Fever | 0.660 | |||
Yes | 86.4 | 13.6 | 1.11 (0.69-1.80) | |
No | 87.7 | 12.3 | Referent | |
Fatigue | 0.370 | |||
Yes | 87.5 | 12.5 | 0.78 (0.46-1.33) | |
No | 84.5 | 15.5 | Referent | |
Wheezing | 0.350 | |||
Yes | 85.3 | 14.7 | 1.24 (0.78-1.98) | |
No | 87.8 | 12.2 | Referent | |
Sore throat | 0.010 | |||
Yes | 89.2 | 10.8 | 0.51 (0.32-0.82) | |
No | 81.0 | 19.0 | Referent | |
Nasal congestion | 0.640 | |||
Yes | 87.1 | 12.9 | 0.85 (0.43-1.68) | |
No | 85.1 | 14.9 | Referent | |
Shortness of breath | 0.600 | |||
Yes | 87.7 | 12.3 | 0.88 (0.56-1.40) | |
No | 86.3 | 13.7 | Referent | |
Continuous variables | ||||
Age, years (units = 5) | 34.6 (22.8) | 26.3 (20.9) | 0.92 (0.87-0.97) | 0.002 |
BMI (units = 2) | 20.2 (14.4) | 15.3 (14.5) | 0.95 (0.92-0.98) | 0.004 |
Temperature (°F) | 99.2 (1.4) | 99.3 (1.1) | 1.03 (0.85-1.26) | 0.740 |
Severity of illness at enrollment (VAS), range = 1–100 (units = 5) | 59.2 (18.6) | 56.7 (19.1) | 0.96 (0.91-1.02) | 0.240 |
Number of days between onset and enrollment | 3.2 (1.4) | 3.3 (1.3) | 1.05 (0.90-1.24) | 0.520 |
Number of days between enrollment and return of follow-up survey (units = 5) | 14.8 (10.9) | 15.9 (10.6) | 1.04 (0.94-1.16) | 0.440 |