Table 4 Prevalence of birth defects according to type of antiretroviral drug
From: Birth defects in a cohort of infants born to HIV-infected women in Spain, 2000-2009
Antiretroviral drug during pregnancy | First trimester exposure | Second/third trimester exposure | No exposure | P a | OR b. First trimester exposure vs No exposure | aOR c. First trimester exposure vs No exposure | OR b. Second/third trimester exposure vs No exposure | OR c. First trimester exposure vs Second/third trimester exposure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NRTI | ||||||||
Zidovudine | 18/287 (6.27%) | 20/269 (7.43%) | 19/289 (6.57%) | 0.85 | 0.95 (0.48; 1.85) | 1.21 (0.56;2.63) | 1.14 (0.59; 2.18) | 0.83 (0.43; 1.61) |
Lamivudine | 22/338 (6.51%) | 17/285 (5.96%) | 19/227 (8.37%) | 0.54 | 0.76 (0.40; 1.44) | 0.87 (0.42; 1.82) | 0.69 (0.35; 1.36) | 1.09 (0.57; 2.10) |
Stavudine | 7/96 (7.29%)* | 3/48 (6.25%) | 48/687 (6.99%) | 0.97 | 1.04 (0.45; 2.38) | 1.15 (0.49; 2.66) | 0.88 (0.26; 2.96) | 1.17 (0.29; 4.78) |
Didanosine | 5/59 (8.47%)* | 5/38 (13.16%) | 48/734 (6.54%) | 0.27 | 1.32 (0.50; 3.46) | 1.25 (0.42; 3.67) | 2.16 (0.80; 5.79) | 0.61 (0.16; 2.27) |
Abacavir | 4/73 (5.48%)* | 3/18 (16.67%) | 51/744 (6.85%) | 0.24 | 0.78 (0.27; 2.24) | 0.99 (0.34; 2.87) | 2.71 (0.76; 9.69) | 0.28 (0.05; 1.43) |
Tenofovir | 4/58 (6.90%)* | 1/22 (4.55%) | 54/755 (7.15%) | 0.89 | 0.96 (0.33; 2.75) | 1.01 (0.30; 3.42) | 0.61 (0.08; 4.68) | 1.55 (0.16; 14.73) |
Emtricitabine | 1/19 (5.26%)* | 0/15 (0.00%) | 58/807 (7.19%) | 0.53 | 0.71 (0.09; 5.46) | NA | NA | NA |
NNRTI | ||||||||
Nevirapine | 7/150 (4.67%)* | 3/85 (3.53%) | 47/611 (7.69%) | 0.19 | 0.58 (0.26; 1.32) | 0.53 (0.22; 1.30) | 0.43 (0.13; 1.44) | 1.33 (0.33; 5.31) |
Efavirenz | 2/30 (6.67%)* | 1/12 (8.33%) | 56/793 (7.06%) | 0.98 | 0.94 (0.21; 4.04) | 1.04 (0.23; 4.55) | 1.19 (0.15; 9.43) | 0.78 (0.06; 9.56) |
PI | ||||||||
Nelfinavir | 11/127(8.66%)* | 11/141 (7.80%) | 36/562 (6.41%) | 0.61 | 1.38 (0.68; 2.80) | 1.56 (0.73; 3.34) | 1.23 (0.61; 2.49) | 1.12 (0.46; 2.68) |
Saquinavir | 1/40 (2.50%)* | 1/28 (3.57%) | 56/766 (7.31%) | 0.39 | 0.32 (0.04; 2.41) | NA | 0.46 (0.06; 3.52) | 0.69 (0.04; 11.55) |
Lopinavir/r | 5/86 (5.81%)* | 3/51 (5.88%) | 51/696 (7.33%) | 0.82 | 0.78 (0.30; 2.01) | 0.88 (0.30; 2.55) | 0.79 (0.23; 2.62) | 0.98 (0.22; 4.31) |
Indinavir | 4/21 (19.05%)* | 1/10 (10%) | 54/810 (6.67%) | 0.08 | 3.29 (0.92; 10.13) | 3.74(0.94; 11.89) | 1.55 (0.19; 12.50) | 2.11 (0.20; 21.88) |
Atazanavir | 1/6 (16.67%)* | 3/19 (15.79%) | 50/780 (6.41%) | 0.16 | 2.92 (0.33; 25.47) | 3.27(0.68; 15.73) | 2.73 (0.77; 9.70) | 1.06 (0.08; 12.68) |
Fosamprenavir | 0/4 (0%)* | 0/3 (0%) | 59/837 (7.05%) | 0.86 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Tipranavir | 0/1 (0%)* | 0/0 | 59/843 (7.00%) | 0.78 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Other ARVs | ||||||||
Enfuvirtide | 0/0* | 0/1 (0%) | 59/846 (6.97%) | 0.78 | NA | NA | NA | |
Raltegravir | 0/0* | 0/1 (0%) | 62/896 (6.92%) | 0.79 | NA | NA | NA |