From: Timing, rates, and causes of death in a large South African tuberculosis programme
 |  |  | First Month | Later months (2–6) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Category | n | Number of deaths | Unadjusted IRR (95% CI) | p -value | Adjusted # | p -value | Number of deaths | Unadjusted IRR (95% CI) | p -value | Adjusted # | p -value |
IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | |||||||||||
Age at diagnosis* | <35Â years | 524 | 8 | 1.0 | 0.06 | 1.0 | 0.17 | 27 | 1.0 | <0.01 | 1.0 | <0.01 |
35-44 years | 1572 | 38 | 1.59 (0.74-3.41) | Â | 1.57 (0.73-3.37) | Â | 144 | 1.70 (1.12-2.59) | Â | 1.53 (1.01-2.33) | Â | |
45-54 years | 1731 | 58 | 2.19 (1.05-4.59) | Â | 1.92 (0.91-4.05) | Â | 182 | 1.98 (1.31-2.98) | Â | 1.77 (1.17-2.68) | Â | |
>54Â years | 335 | 13 | 2.53 (1.05-6.10) | Â | 2.43 (1.00-5.88) | Â | 39 | 2.65 (1.65-4.27) | Â | 2.68 (1.66-4.33) | Â | |
TB episode | First | 3170 | 71 | 1.0 | <0.01 | 1.0 | <0.01 | 237 | 1.0 | <0.01 | 1.0 | <0.01 |
> = 1 previous | 992 | 46 | 2.10 (1.45-3.04) |  | 2.20 (1.49-3.26) |  | 155 | 1.63 (1.33-2.00) |  | 1.46 (1.17-1.82) |  | |
HIV/ART status* | Negative/unknown | 1341 | 12 | 1.0 | <0.01 | 1.0 | <0.01 | 25 | 1.0 | <0.01 | 1.0 | <0.01 |
Positive: ART | 652 | 29 | 5.06 (2.59-9.91) | Â | 3.17 (1.56-6.44) | Â | 77 | 6.37 (4.05-10.00) | Â | 6.02 (3.75-9.67) | Â | |
Positive: no ART | 2169 | 76 | 3.97 (2.16-7.29) | Â | 3.59 (1.94-6.66) | Â | 290 | 7.71 (5.13-11.61) | Â | 7.80 (5.15-11.80) | Â | |
TB site | Pulmonary | 2393 | 77 | 1.0 | 0.02 | 1.0 | <0.01 | 260 | 1.0 | <0.01 | 1.0 | <0.01 |
Extra-pulmonary | 1535 | 30 | 0.60 (0.40-0.92) | Â | 0.54 (0.33-0.91) | Â | 115 | 0.69 (0.56-0.86) | Â | 0.57 (0.42-0.77) | Â | |
No data | 234 | 10 | 1.35 (0.70-2.60) | Â | 1.41 (0.69-2.88) | Â | 17 | 0.68 (0.42-1.12) | Â | 0.76 (0.46-1.27) | Â | |
Year first diagnosed | 1995-1998 | 742 | 9 | 1.0 | <0.01 | 1.0 | <0.01 | 58 | 1.0 | <0.01 | 1.0 | 0.81 |
1999-2002 | 1177 | 24 | 1.69 (0.78-3.63) | Â | 1.81 (0.79-4.17) | Â | 129 | 1.47 (1.07-2.01) | Â | 1.18 (0.82-1.68) | Â | |
2003-2005 | 1198 | 46 | 3.21 (1.57-6.55) | Â | 3.75 (1.63-8.61) | Â | 118 | 1.36 (0.99-1.87) | Â | 1.14 (0.77-1.69) | Â | |
2006-2008 | 1043 | 38 | 3.05 (1.47-6.30) | Â | 3.97 (1.73-9.11) | Â | 87 | 1.18 (0.85-1.65) | Â | 1.14 (0.76-1.71) | Â | |
Certainty of diagnosis | Confirmed | 1009 | 10 | 1.0 | <0.01 | 1.0 | <0.01 | 84 | 1.0 | 0.07 | 1.0 | <0.01 |
Probable | 1074 | 32 | 3.05 (1.50-6.20) | Â | 3.38 (1.65-6.93) | Â | 102 | 1.17 (0.88-1.56) | Â | 1.17 (0.87-1.58) | Â | |
Possible | 1120 | 56 | 5.15 (2.63-10.09) | Â | 6.28 (3.18-12.43) | Â | 134 | 1.56 (1.19-2.05) | Â | 1.73 (1.30-2.30) | Â | |
No data | 959 | 19 | 2.01 (0.94-4.33) | Â | 9.06 (3.82-21.51) | Â | 72 | 0.95 (0.70-1.31) | Â | 2.51 (1.64-3.85) | Â |