Table 3 Factors associated with syphilis seroconversion among PLWHA in Shenyang

Gender

 Female

1.00

 Male

3.39 (1.08 –10.65)

0.037

Age (year)

 ≤24 years

1.00

 25-39 years

1.79 (0.84 -3.81)

0.131

1.86 (0.87 –3.98)

0.108

 ≥40 years

4.85 (2.34 -10.05)

<0.001

5.17 (2.47 –10.84)

<0.001

Ethnicity

 Han

1.00

 Other ethnicities

0.91 (0.54 –1.53)

0.713

Marital status

 Single

1.00

 Married

1.31 (0.88 –1.95)

0.183

 Divorced

2.00 (1.29 –3.08)

0.002

Occupation

 Employed

1.00

 Unemployed

0.98 (0.62 –1.54)

0.924

 Retired

1.58 (0.90 –2.77)

0.112

 Student

0.23 (0.07 –0.72)

0.012

Education

 Less than high school

1.00

 High school or more

0.89 (0.62 –1.27)

0.503

Shenyang resident

 Yes

 No

0.89 (0.53 –1.51)

0.676

HIV transmission route

 Heterosexual

1.00

 MSM

1.45 (0.84 –2.49)

0.181

2.68 (1.53 –4.69)

0.001

 Others (injection drug use, blood, unknown)

0.68 (0.25 –1.87)

0.455

0.63 (0.23 –1.75)

0.376

HIV Diagnosis venue

 VCT

1.00

 Hospital

2.82 (1.13 -7.03)

0.026

2.08 (0.83 –5.22)

0.120

 Others (blood donation, physical exam, etc.)

2.34 (0.92 -5.91)

0.073

1.92 (0.76 –4.87)

0.171

 Unknown

3.05 (1.17 -7.98)

0.023

2.55 (0.97 –6.74)

0.058

ART at baseline

 No

1.00

 Yes

1.81 (1.27 –2.57)

0.001

1.81 (1.25 –2.62)

0.002

Time since HIV diagnosis (year)

 ≤2

1.00

 > 2

1.57 (1.10 –2.23)

0.012

Baseline CD ₄ ⁺ T cell counts(counts/mm ³ )

 ≥500

1.00

 350-499

1.26 (0.74 –2.16)

0.392

 200-349

0.92 (0.53 –1.59)

0.764

 <200

1.26 (0.71 –2.22)

0.428

 Unknown

1.83 (0.62 –5.36)

0.272

Baseline VL(copies/mL)

 ≤100000

1.00

 >100000

0.97 (0.54 –1.75)

0.920

 Unknown

1.28 (0.87 –1.87)

0.207