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Table 3 Infants’, preschool-aged children’s (PSAC) and school-aged children’s (SAC) co-infection status with hookworm, S . stercoralis , E . vermicularis , T . trichiura , and/or asymptomatic Plasmodium parasitaemia in the Bagamoyo region, United Republic of Tanzania, and comparison between observed and expected co-infection prevalence at the unit of age-group

From: Enterobiasis and strongyloidiasis and associated co-infections and morbidity markers in infants, preschool- and school-aged children from rural coastal Tanzania: a cross-sectional study

 

Examined children (n)

Observed co-infection (%)

Expected co- infection (%)*

P- value**

Asymptomatic Plasmodium and E . vermicularis infection

Infants

167

0.60

0.30

0.413

PSAC

240

1.67

1.46

0.760

SAC

315

5.71

5.44

0.755

All age-groups

722

3.19

2.44

0.156

Asymptomatic Plasmodium and hookworm infection

Infants

204

0.49

0.19

0.338

PSAC

322

0.93

0.86

0.749

SAC

454

2.42

2.28

0.854

All age-groups

980

1.53

1.22

0.329

Asymptomatic Plasmodium and S . stercoralis infection

Infants

190

2.11

0.46

0.006

PSAC

308

0.97

0.75

0.715

SAC

438

1.83

1.36

0.345

All age-groups

936

1.60

0.96

0.039

Asymptomatic Plasmodium and T . trichiura infection

Infants

204

0.00

0.04

1.000

PSAC

321

0.00

0.25

1.000

SAC

454

0.44

0.61

1.000

All age-groups

979

0.20

0.33

0.760

Hookworm and E . vermicularis infection

Infants

155

0.65

0.12

0.181

PSAC

229

2.18

1.93

0.782

SAC

305

3.61

3.23

0.693

All age-groups

689

2.47

1.80

0.138

Hookworm and S . stercoralis infection

Infants

188

0.53

0.12

0.216

PSAC

307

0.98

0.59

0.406

SAC

436

1.61

0.90

0.093

All age-groups

931

1.18

0.62

0.038

Hookworm and T . trichiura infection

Infants

204

0.00

0.01

1.000

PSAC

321

0.93

0.21

0.022

SAC

454

0.88

0.41

0.100

All age-groups

979

0.72

0.22

0.004

S . stercoralis and E . vermicularis infection

Infants

144

0.00

0.19

1.000

PSAC

215

1.40

1.48

1.000

SAC

292

1.37

1.67

0.789

All age-groups

651

1.08

1.26

0.841

S . stercoralis and T . trichiura infection

Infants

188

0.00

0.03

1.000

PSAC

307

0.33

0.17

0.423

SAC

436

0.92

0.24

0.016

All age-groups

931

0.54

0.17

0.018

E . vermicularis and T . trichiura infection

Infants

155

0.00

0.02

1.000

PSAC

228

0.44

0.53

1.000

SAC

305

1.31

0.93

0.484

All age-groups

688

0.73

0.50

0.361

  1. *Expected co-infection prevalence is the product of the observed infection prevalence of one species (regardless of a co-infection) and the observed infection prevalence of the other species (irrespective of co-infection).
  2. **Comparison of observed and expected co-infection proportions, p-value based on a Fisher's Exact-test.
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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