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Table 2 Factors associated with preventive practices against H7N9. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to include block of variables sequentially

From: Knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to influenza A(H7N9) risk among live poultry traders in Guangzhou City, China

Independent variables

  

Association with preventive practices against H7N9 (aOR (95% CI))

N

%

Step 1 (social-demographics)

Step 2 (knowledge)

Step 3 (attitudes)

Sex

     

  Male

139

45.4

ref

ref

ref

  Female

167

54.6

0.96 (0.53,1.72)

1.27 (0.63, 2.57)

1.66 (0.76,3.62)

Age (y)

     

  15-24

87

28.4

0.76 (0.38,1.54)

0.72 (0.30, 1.71)

0.72 (0.27,1.90)

  35-54

198

64.7

ref

ref

ref

  ≥55

21

6.9

8.12 (2.63, 25.07) ***

14.19 (3.61, 55.77) **

13.18 (2.75,63.06) **

Education

     

  Illiterate

76

24.8

0.26 (0.11, 0.57) **

0.32 (0.11, 0.92) *

0.35 (0.11,1.08)

  Primary

155

50.7

ref

ref

ref

  Secondary or above

75

24.5

0.72 (0.36,1.45)

0.53 (0.23,1.22)

0.61 (0.25, 1.49)

Income (CY)

     

  <1000

35

11.4

ref

ref

ref

  1000-3000

174

56.9

1.04 (0.41,2.69)

1.24 (0.40,3.81)

1.25 (0.35,4.40)

  >3000

97

31.7

1.28 (0.47,3.50)

1.98 (0.59,6.69)

1.47 (0.38,5.66)

Area

     

  Rural

124

40.5

ref

ref

ref

  Urban

182

59.5

0.38 (0.21,0.69) **

0.60 (0.29,1.22)

0.72 (0.31, 1.64)

Years of working activity

     

  <4

76

24.8

ref

ref

ref

  4-10

154

50.3

1.22 (0.58,2.55)

0.77 (0.32,1.87)

0.80 (0.31, 2.05)

  >10

76

24.8

0.57 (0.23,1.44)

0.53 (0.18,1.53)

0.76 (0.23, 2.49)

Daily average hours of contact with living poultry

     

  <8

11

3.6

ref

ref

ref

  8-10

163

53.3

0.60 (0.16,2.32)

1.11 (0.22,5.49)

0.63 (0.13,3.20)

  >10

132

43.1

0.13 (0.03, 0.55) *

0.28 (0.05,1.42)

0.15 (0.03,0.80) *

Involved poultry slaughtering

     

  No

39

12.8

ref

ref

ref

  Yes

267

87.5

0.16 (0.06, 0.38) ***

0.19 (0.06,0.65) **

0.22 (0.05,0.88) *

Number of sources to access information on H7N9

     

  1

117

38.2

-

ref

ref

  2-3

145

47.4

-

2.41 (1.06, 5.45) *

2.42 (0.95,6.17)

  4 or above

44

14.4

-

24.0 (5.95, 96.52) ***

25.92 (5.18, 129.66) ***

With accurate knowledge in

     

  There is no reported H7N9 human cases in Guangdong Province (before June 30, 2013)

240

78.4

-

1.65 (0.67,4.04)

2.16 (0.78, 5.98)

  Sick or dead birds should be buried or burned

238

77.8

-

8.96 (2.59,31.08) **

9.55 (2.41, 37.82) **

  H7N9 is not transmissible from human to human

237

77.5

-

3.31 (1.28, 8.57) *

3.66 (1.23, 10.87) *

  Fever, cough and sore throat are early symptoms of H7N9 infection

218

71.2

-

0.42 (0.16,1.09)

0.41 (0.14,1.20)

  Contacts with bird secretions or feces is a high risk for H7N9 infection

141

46.1

-

2.37 (1.12, 5.03) *

2.20 (0.96, 5.03)

Human H7N9 vaccine is not yet available

134

43.8

-

0.92 (0.45,1.91)

1.20 (0.53,2.70)

  Perceived severity of H7N9 compared with SARS

     

  Much less/less

178

58.2

-

-

ref

  Almost the same

58

19.0

-

-

1.55 (0.48, 5.03)

  More/much more

70

22.9

-

-

0.74 (0.28, 1.97)

Perceived personal susceptibility to H7N9 infection

     

  Very unlikely/unlikely

191

62.4

-

-

ref

  Neutral

45

14.7

-

-

6.41 (2.26, 18.19) ***

  Likely/very likely

70

22.9

-

-

4.73 (1.76, 12.70) **

Agree/strongly agreea in:

     

  Confident in self-protection

229

74.8

-

-

1.46 (0.55, 3.90)

  Transparent and timely dissemination of information

267

87.3

-

-

0.74 (0.23,2.43)

  Good control over the epidemic by the government

244

79.7

-

-

0.53 (0.17,1.65)

  Satisfied with the current control measures

230

75.2

-

-

1.88 (0.56,6.36)

Model summary

     

  G(-2Log likelihood)

  

−300.6

-224.9

-200.0

  p-valueb

   

<0.001

0.004

  Cox & Snell R Square

  

0.249

0.414

0.459

  ΔR2

   

0.165

0.045

  1. aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CY: Chinese Yuan (1 CY = 0.1469); US dollar; CI: confidence interval.
  2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001.
  3. aCompared to "strongly disagree", "disagree" and "somewhat agree".
  4. bLog-likelihood test for the significance of the factor, comparing to the previous step.