From: Time delays in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review of literature
Year of Study | Country | Study Design | Study setting | Patient delay | Health system delay | Total delay | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1997 | Vietnam | Cross-sectional, Interview | District TB Units | 3 w | 7 w | 9.9 w | [13] |
1999 | South Africa | Cross-sectional, interview | Hospitalized patients | 4 w | 4 w | 10 w | [14] |
1998 | Tanzania | Cross-sectional, interview | Government health facilities | 162 d | 21 d | 185 d | [15] |
2003 | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional, interview | TB management Units | 15 d | 61 d | 80 d | [16] |
2002 | China | Longitudinal recruitment, interview | County TB Dispensaries | 12.5 d | 16 d | 25 d | [17] |
2001 | China | Cross-sectional, patient records & interview | All types of health facilities | 12.5 d | 2 d | 57 d | [18] |
1997–1998 | India | Cross-sectional | All types of health facilities | 20 d | 23 d | 60 d | [19] |
1998–2000 | Thailand | Longitudinal recruitment | Tertiary hospital | 13.3 d | 8.2 d | - | [20] |
1996 | Vietnam | Cross-sectional, interview | Government health facilities | 5.8 w | 6.1 w | 11.9 w | [21] |
2002 | Uganda | Cross-sectional, interview | TB treatment centres & hospitals | 1 w | 9 w | 12 w | [22] |
2000–2001 | Nigeria | Longitudinal recruitment, interview | Tertiary hospital | 8 w | 1 w | 10 w | [23] |
2002 | Vietnam | Cross-sectional, interview | District TB units | 3 w | 1 w | 4 w | [24] |
2004 | China | Cross-sectional, interview | TB dispensaries | 30 d | 24 d | 65 d | [25] |
2003 | India | Cross-sectional, TB records and interview | DOTS clinics | 21 d | 7 d | 32 d | [26] |
2003 | India | Cross-sectional, interview | Government health facilities | 28 d | 28 d | 62 d | [27] |
2003–2004 | Thailand | Longitudinal recruitment, interview | Community and tertiary hospital | 4.4 w | 2.8 w | 9.4 w | [28] |
2001 | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional, interview | Public health centres | 60 d | 6 d | 64 d | [29] |
1993–1994 | Botswana | Cross-sectional, TB records & interview | TB clinics | 3 w | 8 w | 12 w | [30] |
1997–1999 | Nepal | Longitudinal recruitment & interview | Government health facilities | 0.7 m | 1.5 m | 2.8 m | [31] |
1995 | Ghana | Cross-sectional, interview | Chest clinic of a teaching hospital | 4 w | 8 w | 12 w | [32] |
1997 | Malaysia | Cross-sectional, Interview | University Hospital | 2 w | 7 w | 12.5 w | [33] |
2003–2004 | Malaysia | Cross-sectional, Interview | TB clinics | 30 d | 22 d | - | [34] |
1999 | Turkey | Cross-sectional, Interview | Hospitalized patients | 26.9 | 13.1 d | Â | [35] |
2003 | Bolivia | Cross-sectional, interview | TB clinics | 3.6 w | 6.2 w | 12.9 w | [36] |
1997 | Gambia | Cross-sectional, interview | All types of health centres | 0.7 w | 10.8 w | 11.5 w | [37] |
2004 | Turkey | Cross-sectional, interview | Tertiary care hospital | 46.4 d | 30.3 d | - | [38] |
2001 | Turkey | Cross-sectional, interview | Tertiary care hospital | 31.4 d | 25.4 d | - | [39] |
2006 | China | Historical cohort, interview | - | 19 d | 5 d | 31 d | [40] |
1994 | Malaysia | Longitudinal recruitment, interview | Tertiary care hospital | 15 d | 35 d | 90 d | [41] |
1996 | Mongolia | Cross-sectional, Interview | Specialist TB centres | 29 d | 35 d | 78 d | [42] |
2008 | China | Retrospective analysis of computerized patient records | County TB centres | 60 d | 4 d | 71 d | [43] |
2008 | Argentina | Cross-sectional survey, Interview | Public health facilities | 59 d | 33 d | 92 d | [44] |
2007 | Bangladesh | Cross-sectional survey | Public health facilities | 50 d | 11 d | 60 d | [45] |
2003/4 | Pakistan | Cross-sectional survey, interview | Chest clinics | 9 d | 87 d | 91 d | [46] |
2003/4 | Iran | Cross-sectional survey, interview | Public health facilities | 24 d | 42 d | 88 d | [46] |
2003/4 | Somalia | Cross-sectional survey, interview | DOTS centres | 53 d | 7 d | 58 d | [46] |
2003/4 | Egypt | Cross-sectional survey, interview | Public health facilities | 12 d | 18 d | 42 d | [46] |
2003/4 | Iraq | Cross-sectional survey, interview | Tertiary care hospital | 31 d | 2 d | 36 d | [46] |
2003/4 | Yemen | Cross-sectional survey, interview | Public health facilities | 28 d | 4 d | 35 d | [46] |
2002–2004 | Syria | Cross-sectional interview | DOTS centres | 52.7 d | 27.6 d | 77.6 d | [46] |
2008 | South Africa | Cross-sectional, interview | Hospital-based | 14 | 30 | 60 | [47] |
2003 | Syria | Prospective recruitment | DOTS Clinic | 31 | 12 | 55 | [48] |
2005 | Kenya | Cross-sectional interview | TB/Chest clinic | 42 | 2 | 44 | [49] |
2003 | Columbia | Cross-sectional interview | Chest/TB Clinics | 30 | 60 | 120 | [50] |
2006 | Pakistan | Cross-sectional | Chest clinic at Teaching hospital | 33 | 60 | 90 | [51] |