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Table 3 Factors associated with virological failure and low plasma NNRTI concentrations

From: Risk factors for virological failure and subtherapeutic antiretroviral drug concentrations in HIV-positive adults treated in rural northwestern Uganda

 

Virological failure

Low NNRTI concentrations

 

n/N

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis†

n/N

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis†

  

OR (95% CI)

P value

OR (95% CI)

P value

 

OR (95% CI)

P value

OR (95% CI)

P value

M24 cohort (vs. M12)

50/506

1.8 (1.1–3.0)

0.02

2.0 (1.2–3.6)

0.01

32/505

0.6 (0.4–1.0)

0.06

0.7 (0.4–1.1)

0.15

Age at ART start (vs. 15–34)

          

   ≥ 35 years

40/506

0.5 (0.3–0.9)

0.02

0.5 (0.3–0.8)

0.01

46/505

1.1 (0.7–1.9)

0.58

-

-

School level (vs. secondary or higher)

   Primary or no education

47/506

0.8 (0.5–1.4)

0.50

-

-

53/505

1.5 (0.9–2.6)

0.14

1.3 (0.8–2.4)

0.3

Non-cumulative WHO stage at survey (vs. asymptomatic)

   Stage 1–2

32/490

1.9 (1.2–3.3)

0.04

1.9 (1.1–3.3)

0.06

     

   Stage 3–4

6/490

1.1 (0.4–2.8)

 

0.8 (0.3–2.2)

 

-

-

-

-

-

TB episode after ART

11/506

2.1 (0.9–4.3)

0.06

2.3 (1.0–5.0)

0.04

-

-

-

-

-

Weight ≤ baseline

32/506

1.9 (1.2–3.3)

0.009

2.2 (1.3–3.9)

0.004

15/505

0.6 (0.3–1.1)

0.07

0.6 (0.3–1.1)

0.11

ARV-related toxicity

          

   Digestive

49/506

1.6 (0.9–2.8)

0.05

1.5 (0.8–2.6)

0.15

48/505

1.8 (1.1–3.0)

0.03

1.7 (0.9–2.9)

0.05

   Dermatologic

31/506

1.8 (1.1–2.9)

0.03

1.6 (0.9–2.8)

0.08

21/505

0.9 (0.5–1.6)

0.82

-

-

   General symptoms*

30/506

2.3 (1.4–3.9)

0.002

2.6 (1.5–4.5)

0.001

17/505

0.9 (0.5–1.6)

0.74

-

-

Poor adherence to ART (<95% vs. ≥ 95%)

   % pills taken in last 4d

11/506

1.8 (0.0–3.8)

0.11

1.1 (0.4–2.6)

0.85

17/505

4.0 (2.1–7.7)

0.0001

3.8 (1.9–7.4)

<0.0001

   30-day VAS

19/506

3.4 (1.8–6.4)

0.0002

3.9 (1.9–7.7)

0.0001

-

-

-

-

-

Nadir CD4 + <50 cells/mm 3 (vs. ≥ 50)

24/506

1.5 (0.9–2.6)

0.14

1.5 (0.8–2.6)

0.20

19/503

1.1 (0.6–1.9)

0.77

-

-

Low NNRTI plasma concentration at survey

17/505

1.9 (1.1–3.7)

0.03

2.4 (1.2–4.8)

0.01

-

-

-

-

-

  1. TB, tuberculosis; VAS, visual analogue scale; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
  2. *General signs or symptoms: myalgia, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, or lymphadenopathy; VAS.
  3. †Multiple logistic regression using backward elimination approach and controlling for the effect of all variables for which adjusted estimates are shown.