Mother's and pregnancy characteristics | HPV Positive/Tested | HPV-positive children (%) | OR | (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 26/143 | 18.2% | ||
Age at delivery | ||||
<26 | 5/22 | 22.7 | 1.0 | Reference |
26–30 | 9/45 | 20.0 | 0.85 | (0.25–2.93) |
31–35 | 8/52 | 15.4 | 0.62 | (0.18–2.16) |
>35 | 4/24 | 16.7 | 0.68 | (0.16–2.94) |
Chi-square p-value | 0.87 | |||
Weeks of pregnancy at delivery | ||||
<38 | 3/13 | 23.1 | 1.0 | Reference |
38–39 | 15/80 | 18.8 | 0.77 | (0.19–3.14) |
>39 | 8/50 | 16.0 | 0.64 | (0.14–2.84) |
Chi-square p-value | 0.82 | |||
Type of delivery | ||||
Eutocic | 12/86 | 14.0 | 1.0 | Reference |
Instrumental | 10/38 | 26.3 | 2.20 | (0.85–5.68) |
Cesarean section | 4/19 | 21.1 | 1.60 | (0.45–5.75) |
Chi-square p-value | 0.24 | |||
Duration of delivery (hours) | ||||
<1 | 3/13 | 23.1 | 1.0 | Reference |
1–5 | 13/75 | 17.3 | 0.71 | (0.17–2.97) |
6–10 | 7/47 | 14.9 | 0.60 | (0.13–2.83) |
>10 | 3/8 | 37.5 | 2.10 | (0.28–15.57) |
Chi-square p-value | 0.46 | |||
Marital status | ||||
Married or Cohabiting | 25/136 | 18.4 | 1.0 | Reference |
Single or Separated | 1/7 | 14.3 | 0.78 | (0.09–7.10) |
Chi-square p-value | 0.78 | |||
Age at first intercourse | ||||
≤ 17 | 9/42 | 21.4 | 1.0 | Reference |
18–19 | 7/35 | 20.0 | 0.89 | (0.28–2.79) |
≥ 20 | 6/37 | 16.2 | 0.67 | (0.21–2.20) |
Unknown | 4/29 | |||
Chi-square p-value | 0.84 | |||
Number of previous pregnancies | ||||
0 | 9/46 | 19.6 | 1.0 | Reference |
1 | 8/47 | 17.0 | 0.89 | (0.31–2.61) |
2 | 5/34 | 14.7 | 0.79 | (0.22–2.79) |
≥ 3 | 4/16 | 25.0 | 1.69 | (0.35–8.29) |
Chi-square p-value | 0.83 | |||
Lifetime no. of sexual partners | ||||
1 | 9/44 | 20.5 | 1.0 | Reference |
2–4 | 8/39 | 20.5 | 1.01 | (0.35–2.94) |
≥ 5 | 5/31 | 16.1 | 0.76 | (0.23–2.57) |
Unknown | 4/29 | |||
Chi-square p-value | 0.87 | |||
Previous history of STD | ||||
No | 15/92 | 16.3 | 1.0 | Reference |
Yes | 5/17 | 29.4 | 2.19 | (0.67–7.16) |
Unknown | 6/34 | |||
Chi-square p-value | 0.20 | |||
Hormonal contraceptive use | ||||
Never | 10/26 | 38.5 | 1.0 | Reference |
Ever | 12/88 | 13.6 | 0.24 | (0.09–0.67) |
Unknown | 4/29 | |||
Chi-square p-value | 0.005 | |||
Tobacco smoking status | ||||
Never smoker | 7/33 | 21.2 | 1.0 | Reference |
Ex-smoker | 5/20 | 25.0 | 1.21 | (0.32–4.52) |
Current smoker | 10/66 | 15.2 | 0.65 | (0.22–1.96) |
Unknown | 4/24 | |||
Chi-square p-value | 0.55 | |||
Cytology results at pregnancy | ||||
Normal-ASCUS | 21/121 | 17.4 | 1.0 | Reference |
LSIL-HSIL | 3/17 | 17.6 | 1.04 | (0.27–3.98) |
Unknown | 2/5 | |||
Chi-square p-value | 0.98 | |||
Mother's HPV status at pregnancy | ||||
Negative | 13/77 | 16.9 | 1.0 | Reference |
Positive | 13/66 | 19.7 | 1.25 | (0.53–2.94) |
Chi-square p-value | 0.66 | |||
Mother's HPV status at post-partum visit | ||||
Negative | 12/93 | 12.9 | 1.0 | Reference |
Positive | 8/25 | 32.0 | 3.22 | (1.14–9.10) |
Unknown | 6/25 | |||
Chi-square p-value | 0.02 | |||
Mother's HPV status at pregnancy and/or post-partum visit | ||||
Negative at both visits | 10/65 | 15.4 | 1.0 | Reference |
Positive at either visit | 7/43 | 16.3 | 1.09 | (0.38–3.14) |
Positive at both visits | 7/24 | 29.2 | 2.33 | (0.76–7.10) |
Unknown | 2/11 | |||
Chi-square p-value | 0.30 |