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Table 2 The number and type of the risk factors that were present in the children with HFMD seen in the 2000/3 and 2006 outbreaks

From: Identification and validation of clinical predictors for the risk of neurological involvement in children with hand, foot, and mouth disease in Sarawak

Risk factors that were present

First phase of study (2000/3)

Second phase of study (2006)

 

HFMD-CNS (N = 102)

HFMD-Non-CNS (N = 83)

Mild HFMD

(N = 540)

HFMD-CNS

(N = 250)

HFMD-Non-CNS (N = 186)

Mild HFMD

(N = 294)

No. of patients with none of the 3 risk factor

2

9

352

11

52

208

Peak temperature ≥ 38.5°C only

1

8

7

29

32

34

History of lethargy only

5

15

27

16

11

17

Total duration of fever ≥ 3 only

9

15

122

32

35

30

No. of patients with 1 risk factor

15

38

156

77

78

81

Peak temperature ≥ 38.5°C plus history of lethargy

2

3

1

11

7

2

Peak temperature ≥ 38.5°C plus total duration of fever ≥ 3 days

25

15

8

76

31

3

Total duration of fever ≥ 3 days plus history of lethargy

26

12

19

21

5

0

No. of patients with 2 risk factors

53

30

28

108

43

5

No. of patients with 3 risk factors (Peak temperature ≥ 38.5°C plus total duration of fever ≥ 3 days plus history of lethargy)

32

6

4

54

13

0

  1. Note:
  2. HFMD: Hand, foot, and mouth disease
  3. HFMD-CNS: Hand, foot, and mouth disease with central nervous system complication
  4. HFMD-Non-CNS: Severe HFMD without central nervous system involvement