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Table 2 Change in Emergency Department (ED) syndrome counts (relative risk (RR) and 95% CI) associated with a 1 unit increase in weekly laboratory counts, lagged by up to ± 4 weeks: Univariate analysis.

From: Evaluation of alternative respiratory syndromes for specific syndromic surveillance of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus: a time series analysis

ED syndrome outcome

Lag1 (weeks)

RR RSV (95%CI)

RSV P-value

RR influenza (95%CI)

Influenza

P-value

Bronchiolitis

-4

1.009 (1.004-1.013)

0.0001

1.007 (1.003-1.011)

< 0.0001

 

-3

1.015 (1.011-1.019)

< 0.0001

1.003 (1.000-1.007)

0.075

 

-2

1.021 (1.017-1.026)

< 0.0001

0.998 (0.994-1.001)

0.221

 

-1

1.025 (1.020-1.029)

< 0.0001

0.999(0.995-1.003)

0.658

 

0

1.031 (1.027-1.035)

< 0.0001

0.999 (0.995-1.003)

0.586

 

1

1.020 (1.016-1.024)

< 0.0001

0.995 (0.990-0.999)

0.009

 

2

1.018 (1.014-1.022)

< 0.0001

1.000 (0.996-1.005)

0.815

 

3

1.015 (1.011-1.019)

< 0.0001

1.000 (0.995-1.004)

0.838

 

4

1.015 (1.011-1.019)

< 0.0001

0.998 (0.994-1.003)

0.461

Pneumonia

-4

0.998 (0.995-1.001)

0.1088

1.004 (1.002-1.007)

0.0005

 

-3

0.998 (0.995-1.001)

0.1611

1.007 (1.005-1.009)

< 0.0001

 

-2

1.001 (0.998-1.004)

0.4498

1.010 (1.008-1.012)

< 0.0001

 

-1

1.000 (0.997-1.003)

0.8307

1.011 (1.008-1.013)

< 0.0001

 

0

1.004 (1.001-1.007)

0.0043

1.009 (1.007-1.012)

< 0.0001

 

1

1.005 (1.002-1.008)

0.0008

1.007 (1.005-1.009)

< 0.0001

 

2

1.011 (1.008-1.014)

< 0.0001

1.003 (1.000-1.005)

0.0303

 

3

1.011 (1.008-1.013)

< 0.0001

1.004 (1.002-1.007)

0.0011

 

4

1.015 (1.012-1.018)

< 0.0001

0.999 (0.996-1.001)

0.3567

Influenza - like

-4

1.009 (1.001-1.016)

0.0285

0.994 (0.988-1.000)

0.0383

 

-3

0.988 (0.981-0.996)

0.0031

1.011 (1.006-1.017)

< 0.0001

 

-2

0.984 (0.976-0.991)

< 0.0001

1.029 (1.024-1.034)

< 0.0001

 

-1

0.984 (0.977-0.992)

< 0.0001

1.047 (1.042-1.052)

< 0.0001

 

0

0.991 (0.984-0.998)

0.0129

1.041 (1.036-1.046)

< 0.0001

 

1

0.983 (0.976-0.990)

< 0.0001

1.025 (1.020-1.031)

< 0.0001

 

2

1.006 (0.999-1.012)

0.1129

1.025 (1.020-1.031)

< 0.0001

 

3

1.002 (0.995-1.009)

0.5857

1.014 (1.008-1.020)

< 0.0001

 

4

0.996 (0.989-1.002)

0.2172

0.999 (0.993-1.005)

0.655

All acute respiratory infections

-4

0.998 (0.997-0.999)

< 0.0001

1.003 (1.002-1.005)

< 0.0001

 

-3

0.997 (0.996-0.998)

< 0.0001

1.006 (1.005-1.007)

< 0.0001

 

-2

0.999 (0.998-1.001)

0.2516

1.008 (1.007-1.009)

< 0.0001

 

-1

1.002 (1.001-1.003)

0.0032

1.012 (1.011-1.013)

< 0.0001

 

0

1.004 (1.003-1.005)

< 0.0001

1.010 (1.009-1.011)

< 0.0001

 

1

1.002 (1.001-1.003)

0.0053

1.007 (1.006-1.008)

< 0.0001

 

2

1.008 (1.006-1.009)

< 0.0001

1.005 (1.004-1.006)

< 0.0001

 

3

1.007 (1.006-1.008)

< 0.0001

1.003 (1.002-1.004)

< 0.0001

 

4

1.006 (1.005-1.008)

< 0.0001

0.999 (0.998-1.000)

0.0876

All respiratory

-4

1.000 (0.999-1.001)

0.5467

1.003 (1.002-1.004)

< 0.0001

 

-3

0.999 (0.998-1.000)

0.1499

1.005 (1.004-1.006)

< 0.0001

 

-2

1.001 (1.000-1.002)

0.2258

1.007 (1.006-1.008)

< 0.0001

 

-1

1.003 (1.002-1.004)

< 0.0001

1.009 (1.008-1.010)

< 0.0001

 

0

1.005 (1.004-1.005)

< 0.0001

1.007 (1.006-1.008)

< 0.0001

 

1

1.002 (1.001-1.003)

0.001

1.004 (1.004-1.005)

< 0.0001

 

2

1.006 (1.005-1.007)

< 0.0001

1.003 (1.002-1.004)

< 0.0001

 

3

1.006 (1.005-1.006)

< 0.0001

1.001 (1.000-1.002)

0.0198

 

4

1.005 (1.004-1.006)

< 0.0001

0.998 (0.997-0.999)

< 0.0001

  1. 1A negative lag number refers to virus counts occurring after ED visits, while a positive lag number refers to virus counts occurring before ED visits.