Downregulation of MIP-1α/CCL3 with praziquantel treatment in Schistosoma haematobiumand HIV-1 co-infected individuals in a rural community in Zimbabwe

Table 1 The characteristics of the study cohort in the S. haematobium and HIV-1 co-infection

Variable	n	Median MIP-1α/CCL3 (pg/ml)	(Interquartile range)	p-value
Sex
Male	76	144	(65 - 295)
Female	303	127	(56 - 205)	0.2130
Total	379
S. haematobium
Positive	263	171	(132 - 630)
Negative	116	39	(4 - 90)	0.0029
HIV status
Positive	198	124	(36 - 550)
Negative	181	139	(47 - 445)	0.6312
Age (years)
< 25	82	166	(55 - 525)
≥ 25	297	121	(35 - 595)	0.2570
Age groups (years)
< 20	24	146	(66 - 378)
20 - 29	156	135	(78 - 402)
30 - 39	92	113	(46 - 399)
40 - 49	76	126	(72 - 332)
50 +	31	163	(33 - 298)	0.5060
Co-infection status
HIV+ S. haematobium +	154	144	(124 - 447)
HIV- S. haematobium +	130	177	(133 - 506)
HIV+ S. haematobium -	48	64	(6 - 79)
HIV- S. haematobium -	47	30	(3 - 57)	0.0008
CD4 vs MIP-1a/CCL3 in HIV+
Above 250	180	120	(38 - 440)
Below 250	18	156	(36 - 398)	0.4993
Eggs per 10 ml urine
0	116	36	(5 - 81)
<10	177	80	(66 - 168)
10 - <50	77	379	(211 - 680)
>50	9	333	(199 - 862)	0.0001
Time point
Baseline (before treatment)	263	131	(102 - 560)
3 months post treatment	83	71	(6 - 94)	0.0001

Given are the medians and interquartile ranges of levels of plasma MIP-1α/CCL3 chemokine. The MIP-1α/CCL3 was measured in pg/ml using double sandwich ELISA within the range 15 pg/ml - 2000 pg/ml. Results from egg counts were used to stratify the schistosomiasis status of the participants into subgroups (no schistosomiasis, infection with S. haematobium only and co-infection with HIV-1. HIV-1 status and schistosomiasis status as classifying variables was used to identify differences between groups with respect to egg counts, age, and MIP-1α/CCL3; and p < 0.05 was considered to be significant.

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