Table 1 Characteristics of 279 childhood TB patients reported in the Thailand TB active surveillance network, October 2004 to September 2006
Characteristic | Patients No. (%) |
|---|---|
Type, anatomic site of TB | |
Smear-positive, pulmonary | 56 (20) |
Smear-negative, pulmonary | 103 (37) |
Smear-unknown, pulmonary | 38 (14) |
Extra-pulmonary | 82 (29) |
Disseminated | 1 (0) |
Pleural | 2 (1) |
Lymphatic | 46 (16) |
Bone/Joint | 4 (1) |
Meningeal | 22 (8) |
Peritoneal | 1 (0) |
Other/missing | 6 (4) |
Category of TB | |
New | 217 (78) |
Relapse | 3 (1) |
Failure | 1 (0) |
Treatment after default | 3 (1) |
Transfer in | 9 (3) |
Other | 46 (17) |
Median age (years) (range) | 8 (4 months-14 years) |
Age group (years) | |
< 1 | 9 (3) |
1–4 | 65 (23) |
5–9 | 87 (31) |
10–14 | 118 (42) |
Male | 144 (52) |
Non-Thai nationality | 36 (13) |
Mobile within the past 6 months | 64 (23) |
Median number of persons living in home, persons (range) | 4 (1–170) |
Median number of additional children < 5 years old living in home, persons (range) | 0 (0–10) |
Previously treated for TB | 17 (6) |
Previously treated with isoniazid for latent TB infection | 12 (4) |
Cough lasting > 2 weeks at time of diagnosis | 121 (43) |
Living in migrant or refugee camp | 1 (0) |
Facility that made TB diagnosis | |
Private hospital | 6 (2) |
Government hospital or clinic | 272 (98) |
Unknown | 1 (0) |
Facility that provided TB treatment | |
Private hospital | 5 (2) |
Government hospital or clinic | 273 (98) |
Unknown | 1 (0) |
Chest radiograph | |
Normal | 16 (6) |
Not performed | 31 (11) |
Unknown | 40 (14) |
Abnormal | 192 (69) |
Presence of a cavity | 16 (6) |
Microbiological characteristics of pulmonary TB cases | |
Smear-positive and culture-positive | 34 (17) |
Smear-positive and culture-negative or culture not done | 22 (11) |
Smear-negative and culture-positive | 7 (4) |
Neither smear- nor culture-positive | 134 (68) |
Initial treatment prescribed | |
CAT I (2HRZE/4HR) | 164 (59) |
CAT II (2HRZES/1HRZ/4HR) | 8 (3) |
CAT III (2HRZ/4HR) | 84 (30) |
CAT IV (2HRZS/4HR) | 8 (3) |
Other/missing | 15 (5) |
Observer assigned during first 2 months of treatment | |
Health care or village health worker | 39 (14) |
Family | 220 (79) |
None | 17 (6) |
Other/missing | 3 (1) |
Offered HIV counseling after diagnosis of TB | |
Yes | 148 (53) |
No | 46 (17) |
HIV status already known | 68 (24) |
Unknown/missing | 17 (6) |
HIV status | |
Infected | 75 (27) |
Uninfected | 102 (37) |
Unknown | 102 (37) |
Among pulmonary smear-positive patients, sputum converted to smear-negative after 2 months of treatment | 36 (64) |
Treatment outcome | |
Success (completed, cured) | 200 (72) |
Failure | 3 (1) |
Died | 17 (6) |
Default | 39 (14) |
Transferred out | 20 (7) |