Skip to main content

Table 4 Distribution of isolates in empyema and pleural effusion specimens by country.

From: Survey of childhood empyema in Asia: Implications for detecting the unmeasured burden of culture-negative bacterial disease

Empyema or Pleural Fluid Isolates

Vietnam

China

Korea

Taiwan

Total

 

(n = 665)

(n = 461)

(n = 134)

(n = 119)

(n = 1,379)

Culture negative

496 (74.6)

424 (92.0)

25 (18.7)

33 (27.7)

978 (70.9)

Staphylococcus aureus

81 (12.2)

7 (1.5)

32 (23.9)

6 (5.0)

126 (9.1)

Streptococcus pneumoniae

3 (0.5)

5 (1.1)

9 (6.7)

66 (55.5)

83 (6.0)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

19 (2.9)

5 (1.1)

12 (9.0)

1 (0.8)

37 (2.7)

Klebsiella spp.

28 (4.2)

4 (0.9)

3 (2.2)

0 (0)

35 (2.5)

Acinetobacter spp.

4 (0.6)

0 (0)

30 (22.4)

0 (0)

34 (2.5)

Escherichia coli

9 (1.4)

1 (0.2)

2 (1.5)

1 (0.8)

13 (0.9)

Enterococcus spp.

2 (0.3)

1 (0.2)

8 (6.0)

0 (0)

11 (0.8)

Haemophilus influenzae type b

9 (1.4)

0 (0)

1 (0.7)

4 (3.4)

14 (1.0)

Enterobacter spp.

1 (0.2)

2 (0.4)

6 (4.5)

0 (0)

9 (0.7)

Streptococcus spp.

8 (1.2)

0 (0)

1 (0.7)

1 (0.8)

10 (0.7)

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

0 (0)

1 (0.2)

3 (2.2)

0 (0)

4 (0.3)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4 (3.4)

4 (0.3)

Corynebacterium spp.

0 (0)

2 (0.4)

0 (0)

0 (0)

2 (0.2)

Candida albicans

2 (0.3)

0 (0)

1 (0.7)

0 (0)

3 (0.2)

Citrobacter spp.

2 (0.3)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

2 (0.2)

Fungi

0 (0)

2 (0.5)

0 (0)

0 (0)

2 (0.2)

Micrococcus spp.

0 (0)

2 (0.4)

0 (0)

0 (0)

2 (0.2)

Burkholderia cepacia

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (0.7)

0 (0)

1 (0.1)

Haemophilus parainfluenzae

0 (0)

1 (0.2)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (0.1)

Anaerobic

1 (0.2)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (0.1)

Neisseria spp.

0 (0)

1 (0.2)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (0.1)

Staphylococcus epidermidis

0 (0)

1 (.02)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (0.1)

Staphylococcus intermedius

0 (0)

1 (0.2)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (0.1)

viridans group streptococci

0 (0)

1 (0.2)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (0.1)

Veillonella spp.

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (0.8)

1 (0.1)

Clostridium spp.

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (0.8)

1 (0.1)

Prevotella spp.

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (0.8)

1 (0.1)

Total

665 (100)

461 (100)

134 (100)

119 (100)

1,379 (100)