Cardiac mortality
|
243
|
3
|
10
|
16
|
25
|
29
| |
Gender
| | | | | | | |
Male
|
174
|
2
|
9
|
15
|
26
|
31
|
0.801
|
Female
|
69
|
6
|
11
|
20
|
24
|
24
| |
Age
| | | | | | | |
18–64 years
|
172
|
1
|
5
|
11
|
22
|
26
|
0.002
|
≥ 65 years
|
71
|
10
|
21
|
32
|
32
|
32
| |
Affected valves
| | | | | | | |
Aortic
|
85
|
4
|
9
|
18
|
24
|
29
|
0.416*
|
Mitral valve
|
77
|
4
|
9
|
20
|
34
|
34
| |
Tricuspid valve
|
12
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
NA
|
NA
| |
Two native valves
|
17
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
17
|
17
| |
Prosthetic valve(s)
|
52
|
4
|
17
|
17
|
24
|
29
| |
Causative agents of IE
| | | | | | | |
Staphylococcus aureus
|
53
|
2
|
4
|
4
|
4
|
4
|
0.032*
|
Coagulase-negative staphylococci
|
22
|
10
|
20
|
30
|
30
|
30
| |
Viridans streptococci
|
50
|
2
|
2
|
9
|
34
|
40
| |
Enterococcus faecalis
|
18
|
17
|
17
|
25
|
63
|
63
| |
Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
5
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
| |
Other
|
22
|
0
|
0
|
16
|
16
|
28
| |
Negative
|
73
|
1
|
17
|
22
|
25
|
25
| |
Predisposing cardiac condition
| | | | | | | |
Acquired valvular disease
|
49
|
8
|
19
|
29
|
41
|
41
|
0.015*
|
Prosthetic valves
|
55
|
4
|
16
|
16
|
23
|
28
| |
Bicuspid aortic valve
|
26
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
| |
Mitral valve prolapse
|
30
|
3
|
3
|
15
|
29
|
29
| |
Congenital heart disease
|
8
|
0
|
0
|
38
|
38
|
NA
| |
No underlying cardiac condition
|
75
|
1
|
6
|
12
|
27
|
27
| |
Echocardiogarphic findings
| | | | | | | |
Major criteria
| | | | | | | |
Yes
|
158
|
3
|
7
|
14
|
22
|
25
|
0.013
|
No
|
85
|
4
|
15
|
22
|
32
|
36
| |
Vegetation
| | | | | | |
0.007
|
Yes
|
139
|
4
|
6
|
12
|
22
|
22
| |
No
|
104
|
3
|
15
|
22
|
30
|
36
| |
Underlying conditions
| | | | | | | |
Diabetes
| | | | | | | |
Yes
|
21
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
29
|
29
|
0.325
|
No
|
222
|
3
|
10
|
18
|
26
|
30
| |
Dialysis
| | | | | | |
0.340
|
Yes
|
5
|
25
|
25
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
| |
No
|
238
|
3
|
9
|
16
|
25
|
29
| |
Collagen disease
| | | | | | |
0.160
|
Yes
|
14
|
7
|
24
|
49
|
49
|
49
| |
No
|
229
|
3
|
9
|
15
|
24
|
28
| |
Malignancy
| | | | | | | |
Yes
|
11
|
10
|
10
|
40
|
NA
|
NA
|
0.383
|
No
|
232
|
3
|
10
|
16
|
25
|
28
| |
Intravenous drug use
| | | | | | | |
Yes
|
19
|
0
|
0
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
0.164
|
No
|
224
|
4
|
10
|
17
|
26
|
30
| |
Alcohol abuse
| | | | | | | |
Yes
|
22
|
9
|
15
|
15
|
25
|
NA
|
0.660
|
No
|
221
|
3
|
9
|
16
|
25
|
29
| |
Heart failure††
| | | | | | | |
Yes
|
108
|
6
|
15
|
23
|
28
|
31
|
0.110
|
No
|
135
|
2
|
5
|
11
|
23
|
27
| |
Neurological complications††
| | | | | | | |
Yes
|
60
|
3
|
11
|
18
|
27
|
27
|
0.930
|
No
|
183
|
3
|
9
|
16
|
25
|
30
| |
Peripheral emboli††
| | | | | | |
0.175
|
Yes
|
69
|
3
|
8
|
14
|
20
|
20
| |
No
|
174
|
3
|
10
|
17
|
27
|
32
| |
Early surgery (in-hospital)
| | | | | | | |
Yes
|
67
|
0
|
5
|
7
|
14
|
18
|
0.029
|
No
|
176
|
5
|
12
|
20
|
30
|
34
| |
Mode of treatment††
| | | | | | |
0.026
|
Surgical
|
72
|
0
|
4
|
9
|
15
|
19
| |
Conservative
|
171
|
5
|
12
|
20
|
30
|
34
| |
Indications for in-hospital surgery
| | | | | | | |
Congestive heart failure
|
35
|
0
|
3
|
7
|
22
|
29
|
0.269*
|
Valvular regurgitation without heart failure
|
18
|
0
|
6
|
6
|
6
|
6
| |
Dehiscence of prosthetic valve without heart failure
|
8
|
0
|
13
|
13
|
13
|
13
| |
Repeated emboli
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
| |
Intractable infection
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
| |
Erythrocyte sedimentation‡,§
| | | | | | | |
≥ 50 mm/h
|
75
|
4
|
14
|
23
|
29
|
33
|
0.527
|
< 50 mm/h
|
74
|
1
|
6
|
13
|
30
|
34
| |
White blood cell count‡,§S
| | | | | | | |
≥ 10 × 109/l
|
119
|
3
|
10
|
17
|
30
|
30
|
0.781
|
< 10 × 109/l
|
98
|
4
|
9
|
17
|
24
|
31
| |
Serum C-reactive protein‡,¶
| | | | | | | |
≥ 100 mg/l
|
100
|
3
|
7
|
10
|
13
|
13
|
0.080
|
< 100 mg/l
|
105
|
4
|
12
|
16
|
28
|
39
| |
Serum creatinine value‡,¶P
| | | | | | | |
≥ 100 μmol/l
|
76
|
5
|
12
|
24
|
42
|
60
|
0.001
|
< 100 μmol/l
|
142
|
1
|
7
|
13
|
18
|
18
| |