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Table 3 Risk factors for colonization by selected bacteria.

From: High incidence of antimicrobial resistant organisms including extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusin nasopharyngeal and blood isolates of HIV-infected children from Cape Town, South Africa

Organism

Odds ratio (95% CI)

Bivariate p-value

Multivariate logistic regression

Wald p-values

Enterobacteriaceae

    

   Age < 1 year

4.6 (2–11.1)

0.0004

4.4 (1.9–10.9)

0.0008

   Stage C disease

3.7 (1.6–8.6)

0.002

3.6 (1.5–8.6)

0.005

   Female

0.5 (0.23–1.19)

0.13

  

   CDC Immunological Class 2 or 3

2 (0.7–6.9)

0.23

  

   Weight for age-Z-score <-2

1.6 (0.7–3.5)

0.27

  

No prior TMP-SMX at baseline

0.3 (0.03–1.3)

0.22

  

Present and/or previous hospitalization

1.1 (0.4–3.7)

0.9

  

S. aureus

1 (0.3–3.8)

1

  

   Age < 1 year

1.2(0.6–2.4)

0.6

  

   Stage C

0.1 (0.6–2.9)

0.4

  

   Weight for age-Z-score <-2

2 (1–3.9)

0.051

1.7 (0.8–3.5)

0.11

CDC Immunological Class 2 or 3

3.7 (1.4–12.9)

0.007

3.4 (1.3–11.8)

0.029

Female

1.2 (0.63–2.4)

0.54

  

No prior TMP-SMX at baseline

0.97 (0.42–2.1)

0.94

  

Present and/or previous hospitalization

2.04 (0.8–6.3)

0.14

  

S. pneumoniae

    

   Age < 1 year

0.53 (0.2–1.1)

0.09

  

   Stage C

0.51 (0.2–1.6)

0.13

  

   Weight for age-Z-score <-2

0.71 (0.4–1.4)

0.31

  

CDC Immunological Class 2 or 3

0.8 (0.4–1.6)

0.5

  

Female

0.97 (0.5–1.9)

0.92

  

No prior TMP-SMX at baseline

1.4 (0.4–5.3)

0.67

  

Present and/or previous hospitalization

0.64 (0.29–1.46)

0.28

  

Gram-negative respiratory organisms

    

   Age < 1 year

0.53 (0.2–0.98)

0.055

0.59 (0.24–1.33)

0.22

   Stage C

0.8 (0.3–1.7)

0.51

  

   Weight for age-Z-score <-2

0.46 (0–0.9)

0.029

0.55 (0.25–1.2)

0.14

CDC Immunological Class 2 or 3

0.32 (0.16–0.66)

0.002

0.33 (0.15–0.71)

0.005

Female

1.4 (0.75–2.8)

0.28

  

No prior TMP-SMX at baseline

5.1 (1.4–22.1)

0.058

0.33 (0.09–0.94)

0.057

Present and/or previous hospitalization

0.5 (0.23–1.12)

0.094

0.63 (0.27–1.54)

0.3

  1. Multivariate logistic regression only where p ≤ 0.1 on univariate analyses
  2. N = 203