Table 5 Odd ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for HIV and syphilis seropositivity, and positive HBsAg status according to the sexual behavioural characteristics among 1366 prisoners in Ghana on univariate analysis

Time served (months)

   Below median (<36)

682 (49.9)

15 (2.2)

1

59 (8.7)

1

36 (5.3)

1

   Above median (>36)

684 (50.1)

65 (9.5)

6.3 (2.7–16.5)

290 (42.4)

7.1 (3.0–18.3)

190 (27.8)

7.6 (3.2–20.1)

Sexual orientation

   Heterosexual

963 (70.5)

44 (4.6)

1

187 (19.4)

1

132 (13.7)

1

   Homosexual

403 (29.5)

36 (8.9)

2.7 (1.9–7.8)

162 (40.2)

2.9 (2.2–8.3)

94 (23.3)

2.4 (1.5–6.9)

Ever injected drugs

   Yes

481 (35.2)

55 (11.4)

5.7 (2.4–12.8)

237 (49.3)

5.4 (2.2–11.1)

152 (31.6)

5.3 (2.2–10.7)

   No

885 (64.8)

25 (2.8)

1

112 (12.7)

1

74 (8.4)

1

Ever shared needles or injection implements

   Yes

977 (71.5)

62 (6.3)

2.0 (1.3–5.2)

269 (27.5)

1.9 (1.2–5.0)

174 (17.8)

1.9 (1.2–5.1)

   No

389 (28.5)

18 (4.6)

1

80 (20.6)

1

52 (13.4)

1

Ever paid or been paid for sex

   Yes

73 (5.3)

8 (11.0)

2.8 (1.8–8.2)

27 (37.0)

2.1 (1.4–5.5)

19 (26.0)

2.3 (1.5–6.3)

   No

1293 (94.7)

72 (5.6)

1

322 (24.9)

1

207 (16.0)

1

History of STD

   Yes

491 (35.9)

46 (9.4)

3.4 (2.0–9.3)

178 (36.3)

2.6 (1.8–7.4)

113 (23.0)

2.5 (1.6–7.1)

   No

875 (64.1)

34 (3.9)

1

171 (19.5)

1

113 (12.9)

1

History of blood transfusion

   Yes

961 (70.4)

57 (5.9)

1.4 (0.8–2.7)

249 (25.9)

1.5 (0.9–2.9)

162 (16.9)

1.5 (0.8–2.8)

   No

405 (29.6)

23 (5.7)

1

100 (24.7)

1

64 (15.8)

1

Ever had sex with an injection drug user

   Yes

136 (10.0)

9 (6.6)

1.6 (0.9–3.1)

35 (25.7)

1.3 (0.6–2.3)

24 (17.6)

1.4 (0.8–2.6)

   No

1230 (90.0)

71 (5.8)

1

314 (25.5)

1

202 (16.4)

1

Ever snorted drugs

   Yes

598 (43.8)

37 (6.2)

1.4 (0.8–2.7)

155 (25.9)

1.3 (0.7–2.4)

101 (16.9)

1.3 (0.7–2.5)

   No

768 (56.2)

43 (5.6)

1

194 (25.3)

1

125 (16.3)

1

Ever been tattooed or pierced

   Yes

219 (16.0)

13 (5.9)

1.2 (0.5–1.8)

56 (25.6)

1.1 (0.4–1.5)

37 (16.9)

1.2 (0.6–1.8)

   No

1147 (84.0)

67 (5.8)

1

293 (25.5)

1

189 (16.5)

1

Ever been cut or assaulted

   Yes

423 (31.0)

25 (5.9)

1.2 (0.5–1.9)

109 (25.8)

1.2 (0.5–2.0)

71 (16.8)

1.1 (0.4–1.6)

   No

943 (69.0)

55 (5.8)

1

240 (25.5)

1

155 (16.4)

1