Table 2 Duration and quality of coverage of seven techniques for hand disinfection (repetition of steps)
Type of treatment | Duration (median) | Duration (mean) | Location of untreated skin areas | Size of untreated skin areas (back of hands) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whole hand | Palmar side | Dorsal side | 0% | < 5% | 5% – 15% | > 15% | |||
1 repetition of sequence | 14 s | 14.7 s | 93% | 67% | 93% | 7% | 33% | 33% | 27% |
2 repetitions of sequence | 28 s | 26.7 s | 80% | 40% | 80% | 20% | 33% | 40% | 7% |
3 repetitions of sequence | 37 s | 37.4 s | 73% | 20% | 73% | 27% | 40% | 33% | 0% |
4 repetitions of sequence | 48 s | 49.7 s | 80% | 0% | 80% | 20% | 47% | 27% | 7% |
5 repetitions of sequence | 73 s | 67.6 s | 80% | 20% | 80% | 20% | 60% | 20% | 0% |
"responsible application" of non health-care worker test subjects | 25 s | 25.0 s | 53% | 13% | 53% | 47% | 47% | 7% | 0% |
"responsible application" of healthcare workers | 25.5 s | 27.8 s | 55% | 15% | 55% | 45% | 45% | 10% | 0% |