Figure 3
ATL313 affects circulating cytokines and chemokines. The A2A AR agonist, ATL313 significantly decreases the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in mice (N = 5–9 per group) after inoculation with E. coli O111:B4 LPS (25 mg/kg). Mean ± standard error of the mean concentrations are shown in pg/mL. In ATL313 treated animals, TNF-α, at t = 1 hour, was significantly lower than in untreated animals (* p = 0.041) (A). Conversely, the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, had an increase in concentration in ATL 313 treated animals at t = 1 and 2 hours (* p = 0.036; # p = 0.042) (B). Like TNF-α, MIP-1α concentrations are increased early on after LPS exposure and significantly decreased by ATL313 at t = 2 hours (* p = 0.004) (C). Increases in MCP-1 concentrations occur later after exposure to LPS and are significantly decreased by ATL313 at t = 4 hours (* p = 0.05) (D). Both IFN-γ and IL-17 concentrations are maximal at t = 8 hours and are significantly attenuated by ATL313 at that time (* p = 0.001 and 0.043 respectively) (E and F).