Table 2 Cumulative proportion of patients needing surgery within 1 year and clinical characteristics in 326 episodes of infective endocarditis
Need for surgery n (%) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | In-hospitala | p value | 3 months | p value | 6 months | p value | 1 year | p value | |
Sex | 0.002 | 0.006 | 0.010 | 0.011 | |||||
Male | 234 | 74 (31.6) | 78 (35.0) | 83 (37.6) | 88 (40.2) | ||||
Female | 92 | 15 (16.3) | 16 (18.2) | 19 (22.1) | 21 (24.8) | ||||
Age | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
18–64 years | 209 | 73 (34.9) | 77 (38.1) | 84 (41.9) | 88 (44.1) | ||||
≥65 years | 117 | 16 (13.7) | 17 (15.4) | 18 (16.5) | 21 (20.2) | ||||
Etiology | 0.584b | 0.516b | 0.1210b | 0.147b | |||||
Staphylococcus aureus | 75 | 17 (22.7) | 19 (28.6) | 19 (28.6) | 20 (30.4) | ||||
CoNSc | 31 | 9 (29.0) | 9 (30.6) | 9 (30.6) | 9 (30.6) | ||||
Viridans streptococci | 67 | 20 (22.9) | 20 (31.1) | 25 (39.9) | 28 (45.4) | ||||
Enterococcus faecalis | 25 | 4 (160) | 4 (17.4) | 4 (17.4) | 4 (17.4) | ||||
Streptococcus pneumoniae | 11 | 4 (36.4) | 5 (49.1) | 6 (61.8) | 6 (61.8) | ||||
Other | 28 | 8 (28.6) | 8 (28.6) | 10 (36.8) | 10 (36.8) | ||||
Negative | 89 | 27 (30.0) | 29 (33.1) | 29 (33.1) | 32.(37.0) | ||||
Affected valves | <0.001b | <0.001b | <0.001b | <0.001b | |||||
Aortic | 113 | 44 (38.9) | 45 (42.4) | 46 (43.5) | 48 (45.8) | ||||
Mitral | 96 | 11 (11.5) | 14 (15.1) | 20 (21.9) | 24 (26.9) | ||||
Tricuspid | 18 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||||
Two native v alves | 32 | 15 (46.9) | 15 (50.5) | 16 (55.5) | 17 (60.4) | ||||
Prosthetic valve(s) | 67 | 19 (28.4) | 20 (30.9) | 20 (30.9) | 20 (30.9) | ||||
Echocardiography | |||||||||
Major criterion | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | |||||
Yes | 221 | 77 (34.8) | 78 (37.1) | 86 (41.6) | 89 (43.3) | ||||
No | 105 | 12 (11.4) | 16 (16.0) | 16 (16.0) | 20 (20.5) | ||||
Vegetation | 0.025 | 0.022 | 0.003 | 0.006 | |||||
Yes | 198 | 66 (33.3) | 66 (35.3) | 74 (40.3) | 77 (42.3) | ||||
No | 128 | 23 (18.0) | 28 (22.7) | 28 (22.7) | 32 (26.3) | ||||
Neurological events d | 0.431 | 0.253 | 0.247 | 0.149 | |||||
Yes | 86 | 28 (32.6) | 28 (35.3) | 30 (38.3) | 33 (43.0) | ||||
No | 240 | 61 (25.4) | 66 (28.5) | 72 (31.5) | 76 (33.5) | ||||
Peripheral emboli d | 0.079 | 0.038 | 0.072 | 0.073 | |||||
Yes | 102 | 36 (36.0) | 36 (38.7) | 37 (40.1) | 39 (42.8) | ||||
No | 224 | 53 (23.5) | 58 (26.7) | 65 (30.2) | 70 (32.9) | ||||
Heart failure d | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
Yes | 178 | 64 (36.0) | 67 (40.7) | 70 (43.1) | 73 (45.6) | ||||
No | 148 | 25 (16.9) | 27(18.5) | 32 (22.0) | 36 (25.0) | ||||
Intravenous drug use | 0.170 | 0.074 | 0.045 | 0.030 | |||||
Yes | 25 | 3 (12.0) | 3 (12.6) | 3 (12.6) | 3 (12.6) | ||||
No | 301 | 86 (28.6) | 91 (31.7) | 99 (35.0) | 106 (39.7) | ||||
ESR on admission e | 0.005 | 0.004 | 0.010 | 0.003 | |||||
≥50 mm/h | 99 | 18 (18.2) | 19 (19.8) | 22 (23.2) | 23 (24.5) | ||||
< 50 mm/h | 93 | 31 (33.3) | 35 (39.6) | 36 (40.8) | 40 (46.0) | ||||