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Table 1 Socio-demographics and diseases in relation to HPV prevalence.

From: The distribution of sexually-transmitted Human Papillomaviruses in HIV positive and negative patients in Zambia, Africa

  

Prevalence of HPV, %

Characteristic

Number (%)

Any HPV

P value

HR HPV

P value

LR HPV

P value

Total

70(100)

65.4

 

50.0

 

22.9

 

HIV Status

       

HIV+

30(45)

80.0

0.05

70.0

0.05

26.7

0.2

HIV-

40(55)

55.0

 

35.0

 

20.0

 

Age in years

       

15–22

30(42)

45.0

0.001

33.3

0.001

13.3

0.025

23–30

27(45)

64.0

 

59.3

 

33.3

 

31–38

8(12)

78.0

 

75.0

 

12.5

 

Tribal Identity

       

Bemba

25(37.9)

60.0

0.001

48.0

0.001

20.0

0.001

Kaonde

2(3.0)

50.0

 

50.0

 

0.0

 

Lozi

4(6.1)

100.0

 

75.0

 

50.0

 

Luvale

1(1.5)

0.0

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

Nyanja

24(36.4)

45.8

 

37.5

 

16.7

 

Tonga

10(15.1)

80.0

 

70.0

 

30.0

 

Marital Status

       

Married

57(90.5)

63.2

0.001

50.9

0.001

24.6

1.0

Single

4(6.3)

50.0

 

50.0

 

0.0

 

Live-in partner

2(3.2)

50.0

 

50.0

 

0.0

 

Education Status

       

1–7 years

35(54.7)

68.6

0.2

57.1

0.2

22.9

0.001

8–12 years

25(39.1)

56.0

 

44.0

 

20.0

 

>12 years

4(6.2)

25.0

 

25.0

 

25.0

 

Age of Sexual Debut

       

≤ 15

19(28.8)

57.9

1.0

42.1

1.0

21.1

1

16–17

18(27.3)

61.1

 

44.4

 

27.8

 

18–19

13(19.7)

76.9

 

69.2

 

23.1

 

≥ 20

16(24.2)

43.8

 

43.8

 

12.5

 

Frequency Of Sex

       

Daily

1(1.5)

100.0

0.001

100.0

0.001

0.0

0.001

Once per week

6(9.2)

83.3

 

66.7

 

33.3

 

Few per week

53(81.6)

69.8

 

58.5

 

24.5

 

Few per month

2(3.1)

50.0

 

0.0

 

50.0

 

Few per year

3(4.6)

33.3

 

33.3

 

0.0

 

No Contraceptive ever used

       

Yes

34(51.5)

58.8

1.0

47.1

1.0

17.6

1

No

32(48.5)

59.4

 

50.0

 

25.0

 

Use of Condom with Stable Partner

       

Always

1(1.5)

100.0

0.001

0.0

0.001

100.0

0.001

Frequently

4(6.1)

50.0

 

25.0

 

75.0

 

Occasionally

14(21.2)

57.1

 

50.0

 

21.4

 

Never

47(71.2)

59.6

 

51.1

 

14.9

 

Presence of Traditional Scarification

       

Present

17(25.8)

70.6

0.001

64.7

0.001

17.6

0.1

Absent

49(74.2)

53.1

 

40.8

 

22.4

 

Hematinics

       

Yes

42(62.7)

52.4

0.025

42.9

0.025

19.0

0.1

No

25(37.3)

68.0

 

56.0

 

24.0

 

History of Antibiotic Use

       

Yes

36(55.4)

61.1

1.0

50.0

1.0

22.2

1

No

29(48.5)

55.2

 

70.0

 

20.7

 
  1. The total number of various characteristics are indicated in response to the study questions (Numbers (%)). The prevalence of HPV (Any HPV) varies significantly across categories (P < 0.05, χ2 test). The prevalence of low-risk HPV (LR HPV) varied significantly across categories (P < 0.05, χ2 test). The prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR HPV) also varied significantly across categories (P < 0.05, χ2 test).