|
Characteristics
|
USA
|
Europe
|
Total
|
p-value*
|
|---|
|
Total mothers delivered
|
978
|
372
|
1350
| |
|
Median age: entry (IQR)
|
27.2 (22.9–31.8)
|
30 (26.9–34)
|
28.1 (23.9–32.4)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Ethnicity
| | | |
<0.0001
|
|
White
|
119 (12%)
|
190 (51%)
|
309 (23%)
| |
|
Black
|
621 (64%)
|
172 (46%)
|
793 (59%)
| |
|
Hispanic
|
223 (23%)
|
8 (2%)
|
231 (17%)
| |
|
Other
|
15 (1.5%)
|
2 (0.5%)
|
17 (1%)
| |
|
Parity
| | | |
0.0001
|
|
0–1
|
161 (17%)
|
80 (22%)
|
241 (18%)
| |
|
2–3
|
399 (41%)
|
168 (45%)
|
567 (42%)
| |
|
4–5
|
267 (27%)
|
97 (26%)
|
364 (27%)
| |
|
≥6
|
151 (15%)
|
27 (7%)
|
178 (13%)
| |
|
Previous miscarriages
| | | |
<0.0001
|
|
0
|
707 (72%)
|
325 (87%)
|
1032 (76%)
| |
|
1–2
|
247 (25%)
|
44 (12%)
|
291 (22%)
| |
|
3–6
|
24 (2.5%)
|
3 (1%)
|
27 (2%)
| |
|
Previous terminations
| | | |
<0.0001
|
|
0
|
710 (73%)
|
192 (52%)
|
902 (67%)
| |
|
1–2
|
220 (22%)
|
149 (40%)
|
369 (27%)
| |
|
3–4
|
41 (4%)
|
28 (7%)
|
69 (5%)
| |
|
5–12
|
7 (1%)
|
3 (1%)
|
10 (1%)
| |
|
Timing of HIV diagnosis
| | | |
<0.0001
|
|
Pre-pregnancy
|
539 (55%)
|
259 (70%)
|
798 (59%)
| |
|
Antenatal
|
439 (45%)
|
112 (30%)
|
551 (41%)
| |
|
Mode of acquisition
#
| | | | |
|
Sexual with HIV at risk
|
336 (34%)
|
44 (12%)
|
380 (28%)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Sexual with HIV positive
|
214 (22%)
|
105 (28%)
|
319 (24%)
|
0.0623
|
|
Sexual with HIV unknown
|
716 (73%)
|
162 (44%)
|
878 (65%)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Current IDU
|
12 (1%)
|
11 (3%)
|
23 (2%)
|
0.0331
|
|
Previous IDU
|
68 (7%)
|
35 (9%)
|
103 (8%)
|
0.1340
|
|
Blood transfusion
|
20 (2%)
|
7 (2%)
|
27 (2%)
|
0.9999
|
|
Occupational risk
|
22 (2%)
|
3 (1%)
|
25 (2%)
|
0.1108
|
|
Other risk factor
|
44 (4%)
|
8 (2%)
|
52 (4%)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Unknown risk factor
|
47 (5%)
|
46 (12%)
|
93 (7%)
|
0.0401
|
|
STD history
| | | |
<0.0001
|
|
Yes
|
280 (29%)
|
19 (5%)
|
299 (22%)
| |
|
No
|
450 (46%)
|
353 (95%)
|
803 (60%)
| |
|
Unknown
|
248 (25%)
|
0 (0)
|
248 (18%)
| |
-
# Some women reported multiple risk factors
- * for the difference USA versus Europe
