|
Hand rub
|
Substance
|
Before first application
|
Time after last application
|
|---|
| | | |
2.5 min
|
5 min
|
10 min
|
20 min
|
30 min
|
60 min
|
90 min
|
|---|
|
A
|
Ethanol
|
0.11 (0.09–0.12)
|
1.40 (01.22–1.58)
|
3.30 (3.22–3.38)
|
5.80 (5.52–6.08)
|
8.55 (8.06–9.04)
|
20.95 (20.46–21.34)
|
16.60 (16.21–16.99)
|
10.10 (9.83–10.37)
|
| |
Acetaldehyde
|
0.10 (0.01–0.10)
|
0.20 (0.19–0.21)
|
0.25 (0.24–0.26)
|
0.20 (0.18–0.22)
|
0.30 (0.29–0.31)
|
0.50 (0.47–0.54)
|
0.40 (0.39–0.41)
|
0.20 (0.19–0.21)
|
|
B
|
Ethanol
|
0.07 (0.06–0.08)
|
1.30 (1.01–1.59)
|
2.60 (2.34–2.86)
|
4.10 (3.79–4.40)
|
5.65 (5.42–5.88)
|
11.45 (11.17–11.73)
|
5.10 (4.83–5.37)
|
4.30 (4.21–4.32)
|
| |
Acetaldehyde
|
0.10 (0.10–0.10)
|
0.50 (0.47–0.51)
|
0.35 (0.34–0.36)
|
0.30 (0.28–0.32)
|
0.40 (0.38–0.42)
|
0.40 (0.39–0.41)
|
0.40 (0.39–0.41)
|
0.30 (0.29–0.31)
|
|
C
|
Ethanol
|
0.07 (0.05–0.08)
|
1.00 (0.76–1.24)
|
0.60 (0.37–0.82)
|
1.10 (0.89–1.31)
|
4.05 (3.85–4.25)
|
6.90 (6.76–7.04)
|
3.00 (2.87–3.13)
|
1.50 (1.42–1.58)
|
| |
Acetaldehyde
|
0.10 (0.10–0.10)
|
0.40 (0.39–0.41)
|
0.30 (0.29–0.31)
|
0.50 (0.49–0.51)
|
0.40 (0.38–0.42)
|
0.60 (0.59–0.61)
|
0.45 (0.44–0.46)
|
0.30 (0.28–0.32)
|
- Hand rub A (95% ethanol), hand rub B (85% ethanol), hand rub C (55% ethanol); Median with 95% CI (brackets) from 12 volunteers; total exposure of 60 mL hand rub in an open room of 37 m3 with a total contact time of 10 minutes.
