In vitro antimicrobial activity of natural toxins and animal venoms tested against Burkholderia pseudomallei

BMC Infectious Diseases

Table 3 MIC breakpoints for ceftazidime and chloramphenicol when compared to that of purified PLA₂s enzymes.

Phospholipase A₂ enzymes (PLA₂s)	MIC mg/mL	B. pseudomallei (strain KHW)					MIC mg/mL	B. pseudomallei (strain TES)
	Ctrl	0.5	0.25	0.125	0.0625	0.03125	Ctrl	0.5	0.25*	0.125^a	0.0625	0.03125
Crotoxin B (CB)	0.65	0.012 (64%)	0.04 (61%)	0.33 (32%)	0.43 (32%)	0.56 (9%)	0.73	0.05 (73%)	0.06 (69%)	0.33 (40%)	0.43 (30%)	0.52 (21%)
Daboiatoxin (DbTx)	0.65	0.26 (39%)	0.09 (56%)	0.37 (28%)	0.49 (16%)	0.55 (10%)	0.68	0.03 (65%)	0.05 (63%)	0.24 (20%)	0.36 (8%)	0.43 (1%)
Bee venom PLA₂	0.48	0.038 (38%)	0.056 (42%)	0.15 (33%)	0.24 (24%)	0.39 (9%)	0.44	0.03 (45%)	0.06 (38%)	0.27 (17%)	0.36 (8%)	0.41 (3%)
Mulgatoxin	0.46	0.07 (39%)	0.083 (37%)	0.21 (25%)	0.28 (18%)	0.39 (7%)	0.43	0.04 (40%)	0.07 (37%)	0.26 (18%)	0.32 (12%)	0.37 (7%)
Chloramphenicol	0.67	0.01 (68%)	0.03 (64%)	0.07 (60%)	0.42 (10%)	0.51 (1%)	0.77	0.026 (74%)	0.04 (73%)	0.07 (70%)	0.34 (41%)	0.37 (38%)
Ceftazidime	0.76	0.08 (58%)	0.05 (61%)	0.04 (62%)	0.24 (24%)	0.44 (22%)	0.89	0.01 (88%)	0.03 (86%)	0.09 (80%)	0.35 (47%)	0.49 (33%)

* MIC values are given as mean of five replicates (n = 5), the bacterial inoculums per plate contained 3.2 × 10⁸ cfu/mL forming units/well, Control (bacterial inoculums); ^aThe ceftazidime breaking points (MICs 0.125 mg/mL) against TES, *The PLA₂ toxin breaking points (MICs 0.250 mg/mL) against both the strains of B. pseudomallei after 24 h incubation.

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