| | | |
Univariat analysis
| |
Multivariate
| |
|---|
|
% or median (25/75 percentiles) and (No/total)
|
Non-survivors N = 41
|
Survivors N = 146
|
OR¤
|
P-value
|
OR¤
|
P-value
|
|---|
|
Sex (female)
|
51% (21/41)
|
48% (70/146)
|
1.14 (0.57–2.28)
|
0.71
| | |
|
Age (in years)
|
67 (56–74)
|
50 (1–67)
|
1.036 (1.02–1.06)
|
<0.001
|
1.03 (1.00–1.07)
|
0.05
|
|
Age ≤ 16 years
|
2% (1/41)
|
30% (44/146)
|
0.06 (0.008–0.44)
|
0.006
|
0.36 (0.02–7.13)
|
0.50
|
|
Predisposing condition*
|
10% (4/40)
|
13% (19/145)
|
0.74 (0.24–2.30)
|
0.60
| | |
|
Underlying disease§
|
30% (12/40)
|
15% (21/145)
|
2.53 (1.12–5.74)
|
0.03
|
1.72 (0.58–5.08)
|
0.33
|
|
Admission during the first half of the year
|
83% (34/41)
|
68% (99/146)
|
2.30 (0.95–5.58)
|
0.06
|
1.27 (0.41–3.97)
|
0.68
|
|
Fever
|
95% (35/37)
|
97% (125/129)
|
0.56 (0.10–3.19)
|
0.61
| | |
|
History of headache
|
62% (13/21)
|
38% (35/95)
|
2.79 (1.05–7.38)
|
0.04
| | |
|
Back rigidity
|
55% (16/29)
|
57% (70/122)
|
0.91 (0.40–2.07)
|
0.84
| | |
|
Decreased consciousness
|
98% (40/41)
|
93% (125/135)
|
3.20 (0.40–25.8)
|
0.46
| | |
|
Convulsion
|
53% (19/36)
|
25% (35/139)
|
2.32 (1.07–5.04)
|
0.03
|
4.53 (1.74–11.8)
|
0.002
|
|
Mechanical ventilation&
|
90% (35/39)
|
48% (62/129)
|
9.45 (3.18–28.1)
|
<0.001
| | |
|
CT-scan preceding lumbar puncture
|
22% (9/41)
|
8% (12/146)
|
3.14 (1.22–8.01)
|
0.02
|
2.62 (0.82–8.41)
|
0.11
|
|
Steroid therapy
|
9% (3/32)
|
18% (23/131)
|
0.49 (0.14–1.73)
|
0.27
| | |
|
Bacteraemia
|
78% (31/40)
|
64% (93/146)
|
1.96 (0.87–4.43)
|
0.11
|
2.02 (0.70–5.84)
|
0.19
|
|
Otogenic focus
|
10% (4/41)
|
36% (53/146)
|
0.19 (0.06–0.56)
|
0.003
|
0.16 (0.05–0.57)
|
0.005
|
|
Lung focus
|
39% (16/41)
|
17% (25/146)
|
3.10 (1.45–6.63)
|
0.004
|
1.46 (0.53–3.97)
|
0.46
|
|
CSF WBC (109 cells/L)
|
0.32 (0.07–3.1) (33/41)
|
11 (0.7–4.7) (116/146)
|
0.88 (0.77–1.01)
|
0.06
| | |
|
500 cells/μL
|
55% (18/33)
|
22% (26/116)
|
4.15 (1.84–9.36)
|
0.001
| | |
|
CSF protein (g/L)
|
4.7 (2.7–8.9) (27/41)
|
2.4 (1.3–4.8) (96/146)
|
1.19 (1.07–1.33)
|
0.001
| | |
|
CSF glucose (mmol/L)
|
0.4 (0.1–1.6) (29/41)
|
1.0 (0.4–3.1) (100/146)
|
0.83 (0.63–1.08)
|
0.17
| | |
|
<1 mmol/L
|
76% (22/29)
|
52% (52/100)
|
3.41 (1.33–8.69)
|
0.01
| | |
|
CSF/blood glucose ratio
|
0.05 (0.01–0.11) (21/41)
|
0.18 (0.06–0.5) (72/146)
|
0.01 (0.00–0.36)
|
0.01
| | |
|
Blood WBC (109 cells/L)
|
14.8 (9.5–24.1) (28/41)
|
17.7 (10.8–26.8) (106/146)
|
0.98 (0.94–1.02)
|
0.34
| | |
- # Within 100 days after admission.
- ¤ OR was calculated per additional units for continuous data.
- * Predisposing condition was defined a previous head trauma, liquorrhoea, dura disruption etc.
- §Underlying disease was defined as previous splenectomy, presence of immunodeficit, cancer, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, or the use of immunosuppressive drugs.
- & If need for assisted ventilation was included in the multivariate analysis convulsions, absence of otogenic focus, and need for assisted ventilation were of significant importance for fatal outcome (p < 0.05, data not shown).
