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Table 1 Patient characteristics in naïve and experienced groups

From: Incidence and risk factors for liver enzyme elevation during highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-HCV co-infected patients: results from the Italian EPOKA-MASTER Cohort

Charactertistic

Antiretroviral naïve (N = 155)

Antiretroviral experienced (N = 883)

(quantitative)

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Age (years)

38.86

6.47

38.91

5.44

Nadir CD4+ (cells/μl)

185.02

115.79

159.99

131.80

CD4+ T-cell count at baseline (cells/μl)

206.75

133.53

357.88

233.05

HIV-RNA at baseline (copies/ml)

177,480

252,619

53,615

168,410

ALT at baseline (x10 IU/l)

6.94

4.14

7.13

4.42

AST at baseline (x10 IU/l)

6.27

3.88

5.87

3.94

CD4+ T-cell slope (cells/μl)

107.86

116.37

44.30

149.48

Exposure to DDX-drugs at baseline (days)

-

-

1,288

1,075

(qualitative)

N

%

N

%

Gender (male)

113

72.90

677

76.67

Risk factor for HIV acquisition (former IVDU)

105

67.74

684

77.46

HBsAg positivity

15

10.27

55

6.48

HDVAb positivity

4

2.96

25

2.83

Previous grade ≥III LFT elevation

15

9.68

317

35.90

Previous treatment with IFN

7

4.52

72

8.15

Concurrent use of DDX-drugs

50

32.26

526

59.57

Concurrent use of 3TC

138

89.03

618

69.99

Concurrent use of TDF

17

18.97

136

15.40

Treatment group (Single PI)

32

20.64

202

22.88

NFV

27

84.38

147

72.77

IDV

2

6.25

32

15.84

SQV

3

9.37

19

9.41

Others

-

-

4

1.98

Treatment group (Multiple PI)

50

32.26

322

36.47

LPV/r

42

84

175

54.35

IDV/r

5

10

83

25.78

SQV/r

1

2

48

14.91

Others

2

4

16

4.96

Treatment group (NNRTI)

73

47.10

359

41.62

EFV

42

57.53

165

45.96

NVP

31

42.47

194

54.04

  1. The following abbreviations were used: SD = standard deviation; ALT = alanine amino-transferase, AST = aspartate amino-transferase; DDX = dideoxy-nucleoside analogue drugs (i.e., didanosine, stavudine, zalcitabine); IVDU = intra-venous drug use; IFN = interferon; 3TC = lamivudine, TDF = tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; PI = protease inhibitor, NFV = nelfinavir, IDV = indinavir, SQV = saquinavir, LPV/r = lopinavir/ritonavir, IDV/r = indinavir/ritonavir; SQV/r = saquinavir/ritonavir; NNRTI = non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, EFV = efavirenz, NVP = nevirapine.
  2. The following variables were different between drug naive and experienced patients at univariate comparison: nadir CD4+ T-cell count (P: 0.027), CD4+ T-cell count at baseline (P < 0.001), HIV-RNA at baseline (P < 0.001), CD4+ T-cell slope (P: <0.001), risk factor for HIV acquisition (P: 0.009), previous LFT elevation grade ≥III (P < 0.001), concurrent use of DDX-drugs (P < 0.001), concurrent use of 3TC (P < 0.001), use of IDV as single PI (P: 0.002), use of LPV/r (P: 0.04) or SQV/r (P: 0.009) as multiple PI, use of EFV as NNRTI (P: 0.016).
  3. CD4+ T-cell slope was available for 146 patients in naïve group and for 844 patients in experienced group; HBsAg status was available for 146 patients in naive group and for 848 patients in experienced group; HDVAb status was available for 135 patients in naive group and for 833 patients in experienced group.