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Table 3 Univariate analysis of HIV risk factors among 689 male inmates, Bangkok Thailand, 2001–2002.

From: HIV infection and risk factors among Bangkok prisoners, Thailand: a prospective cohort study

Factors

Anti-HIV positivity N (%)

Unadjusted OR

95 % CI

p-value

Demographics

    

   Age (years, median)

    

32

93/378 (24.6)

1.00

  

>32

82/311 (26.4)

1.10

0.78–1.55

0.60

   Marital status

    

Single

74/293 (25.3)

1.00

  

Ever married

101/396 (25.5)

1.01

0.72–1.43

0.94

   Home town

    

Bangkok/suburbs

81/334 (24.3)

1.00

  

Other places

94/355 (26.5)

1.12

0.80–1.56

0.50

   Highest education level

    

Primary

89/347 (25.7)

1.00

  

Secondary or higher

79/323 (24.5)

0.94

0.66–1.33

0.72

   Employment

    

Unemployed

13/44 (29.6)

1.00

  

Employed

162/645 (25.1)

0.80

0.41–1.55

0.51

   Monthly income excluding the unemployed (Baht, median )

    

6000

72/326 (22.1)

1.00

  

> 6000

81/297 (27.3)

1.32

0.92–1.91

0.13

   Type of offense

    

Narcotic-related

82/298 (27.5)

1.00

  

Others

93/391 (23.8)

0.82

0.58–1.16

0.26

   Term of sentence (years, median )

    

18

45/150 (30.0)

1.00

  

> 18

44/148 (29.7)

1.00

0.60–1.62

0.96

   Duration of sentence already served (years, median)

    

5

59/185 (31.9)

1.00

  

>5

30/111 (27.0)

0.79

0.47–1.33

0.78

Blood-related risk

    

   History of heroin injection

    

   - Never

13/338 (3.9)

1.00

  

   - Before incarceration only

20/83 (24.1)

7.94

3.80–16.58

<0.001

   - Continued into incarceration

99/188 (52.7)

27.81

15.00–51.48

<0.001

   - Initiated during incarceration

43/80 (53.8)

29.05

14.42–58.49

<0.001

   Urine opiate test

    

Non-reactive

117/611 (19.2)

1.00

  

Reactive

58/78 (74.4)

12.24

7.12–21.05

<0.001

   Ever attending withdrawal clinic

    

Never

109/578 (18.9)

1.00

  

Ever

66/111 (59.5)

6.31

4.10–9.71

<0.001

   Tattooing

    

- Never

17/228 (7.5)

1.00

  

- Before incarceration only

34/127 (26.8)

4.54

2.43–8.47

<0.001

- Continued into incarceration

62/166 (37.4)

7.40

4.14–13.21

<0.001

- Initiated during incarceration

62/168 (36.9)

7.26

4.06–13.00

<0.001

   Sharing razor blades

    

Never

27/150 (18.0)

Referent

  

Ever

139/538 (25.8)

1.72

1.09–2.72

0.019

   Receiving blood transfusion

    

Never

162/635 (25.5)

Referent

  

Ever

13/54 (24.1)

0.93

0.49–1.76

0.816

Risk factors among 351 injectors only

    

   Sharing injection paraphernalia

    

No

5/19 (26.32)

Referent

  

Yes

157/332 (47.29)

2.51

0.92–6.85

0.074

   Injection scars

    

No

59/190 (31.05)

Referent

  

Yes

103/161 (63.98)

3.94

2.53–6.15

<0.001

   Injection duration (years, median)

    

7

73/207 (35.27)

Referent

  

>7

89/144 (61.81)

2.97

1.91–4.61

<0.001

Sexual risks

    

   Visiting prostitute before incarceration

    

Never

39/128 (30.5)

Referent

  

Ever

136/561 (24.2)

0.73

0.48–1.11

0.144

   Sex with non-wife women

    

Never

44/143 (30.8)

Referent

  

Ever

131/546 (24.0)

0.71

0.47–1.06

0.098

   Unprotected sex (sex without condom)

    

Never

14/20 (70.0)

Referent

  

Ever

161/669 (24.1)

0.14

0.05–0.35

<0.001

   Sex with men

    

   - Never

123/506 (24.3)

Referent

  

   - Before incarceration only

13/40 (32.5)

1.50

0.76–2.97

0.249

   - Continued into incarceration

20/64 (31.2)

1.42

0.81–2.48

0.228

   - Initiated during incarceration

19/79 (24.0)

0.99

0.57–1.71

0.960

   Having sexually transmitted diseases

    

Never

102/393 (26.0)

Referent

  

Ever

73/296 (24.7)

0.93

0.66–1.32

0.700