Table 1 Prevalence of HIV among children with TB [14–21]
Study setting | Year | Study population | HIV prevalence | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Zambia | 1994 | Children with clinical TB diagnosis (n=120) | 56% | Luo et al Tuberc Lung Dis 1994 [14] |
Johannesburg, South Africa | 2008 | Cultured confirmed cases of TB in children aged <14 years (n=1317) | 52% in children with drug-susceptible TB; 53% in the 13 with MDR-TB | Fairlie et al BMC Inf Dis 2011[15] |
Mumbai, India | 2002 | Children with disseminated TB (n=68) | 16% | Karande et al J Trop Pediatr 2002 [16] |
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 1999-2008 | Children attending a reference hospital (n=473) | 17% (but only 56% tested for HIV) | Matos et al J Pediatr 2012 [17] |
Cape Town, South Africa | 1999-2004 | Children born in 1999 and diagnosed with TB in public health facilities up to 2004 (n=1607) | 37% (but only 16% had HIV test results available) | Moyo et al Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2010 [18] |
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic | 1996 | Children aged 18-59 months with clinical TB diagnosis (n=189) | 5.8% | Espinal et al J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1996 [19] |
Durban, South Africa | 1998-1999 | Hospitalised children with culture-confirmed TB aged <13 years (n=118) | 48% | Jeena et al Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2002 [20] |
Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire | 1994-1995 | Children aged 0-9 years with newly diagnosed TB (out- and in-patients) (n=161) | 19% | Mukadi et al AIDS 1997 [21] |