Table 1 The demographics and clinical features of 581 typhoid fever patients categorised by age
From: Risk factors for the development of severe typhoid fever in Vietnam
Covariate | All ages | <5 years | 5-15 years | ≥16 years | p value1 | p value2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 581 | n = 44 | n = 311 | n = 226 | |||
Baseline | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Year3 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
1993-1995 | 347 (59.7) | 26 (7.5) | 177 (51.0) | 144 (41.5) | 0.785 | 0.117 |
1997-1999 | 234 (40.3) | 18 (17.7) | 134 (57.3) | 82 (35.0) | Â | Â |
Site4 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Ho Chi Minh City | 350 (60.2) | 24 (6.9) | 136 (38.9) | 190 (54.3) | 0.177 | <0.001 |
Dong Thap | 231 (39.8) | 20 (8.7) | 175 (75.6) | 36 (15.6) | Â | Â |
Male sex | 296 (50.9) | 28 (63.6) | 168 (53.8) | 100 (45.3) | 0.230 | 0.010 |
Days ill prior to admission5 | 8 (6–11) | 7 (6–10) | 7 (6–10) | 9 (7–14) | 0.813 | <0.001 |
Signs & symptoms | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Abdominal pain | 178 (30.6) | 9 (20.5) | 129 (41.5) | 40 (17.7) | 0.007 | <0.001 |
Constipation | 134 (23.1) | 10 (22.7) | 107 (34.4) | 17 (7.5) | 0.123 | <0.001 |
Diarrhoea | 321 (55.2) | 26 (59.1) | 177 (56.9) | 118 (52.2) | 0.785 | 0.240 |
Vomiting | 116 (20) | 5 (11.4) | 75 (24.1) | 36 (15.9) | 0.081 | 0.052 |
Cough | 131 (22.5) | 15 (34.1) | 79 (25.4) | 37 (16.4) | 0.221 | 0.004 |
Headache | 220 (37.9) | 5 (11.4) | 117 (37.6) | 98 (43.4) | <0.001 | 0.029 |
Temperature >40°C | 318 (54.7) | 27 (61.4) | 180 (58.6) | 111 (53.1) | 0.730 | 0.175 |
6SBP <90Â mmHg | 25 (4.3) | 2 (4.5) | 14 (4.5) | 9 (4.0) | 1.000 | 0.761 |
Hepatomegaly | 303 (52.2) | 31 (70.5) | 222 (71.4) | 50 (22.1) | 0.899 | <0.001 |
Jaundice | 17 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 11 (3.5) | 6 (2.7) | 0.372 | 0.757 |
Splenomegaly | 101 (17.4) | 10 (22.7) | 72 (23.2) | 19 (8.4) | 0.950 | <0.001 |
Rash | 15 (2.6) | 1 (2.3) | 10 (3.2) | 4 (1.8) | 1.000 | 0.426 |
Laboratory | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
7Haematocrit <30% | 72 (12.4) | 7 (18.4) | 52 (17.4) | 13 (7.2) | 0.875 | 0.001 |
8White cell count <4×109/L | 40 (6.9) | 2 (4.5) | 19 (6.1) | 19 (8.4) | 1.000 | 0.251 |
8White cell count > 15×109/L | 11 (1.9) | 2 (4.5) | 6 (1.9) | 3 (1.3) | 0.261 | 0.541 |
9Platelet count <100×109/L | 27 (4.6) | 2 (5.7) | 13 (5.3) | 12 (9.0) | 1.000 | 0.165 |
10SGOT >200Â IU/L | 63 (10.8) | 3 (21.4) | 43 (32.8) | 17 (22.7) | 0.549 | 0.159 |
10SGPT >200Â IU/L | 44 (7.6) | 0 (0) | 26 (19.8) | 18 (24.0) | 0.075 | 0.286 |
Isolate | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Fully susceptible organism | 75 (12.9) | 4 (9.1) | 30 (9.7) | 41 (18.1) | 1.000 | 0.003 |
MDR | 469 (80.7) | 39 (88.6) | 261 (83.9) | 169 (74.8) | 0.510 | 0.004 |
Reduced susceptibility to FLQ | 215 (37.0) | 17 (38.6) | 127 (40.8) | 71 (31.4) | 0.781 | 0.026 |