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Table 3 Cox-proportional hazard analysis of factors associated with immunological failure among HIV/AIDS patients who started ART from September 2007 to August 2008 at the University of Gondar Hospital

From: The effect of incident tuberculosis on immunological response of HIV patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy at the university of Gondar hospital, northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study

Variables

Immunological failure

Crude HR (95% CI)

P

Adjusted HR (95% CI)

P

 

No

Yes

    
 

no (%)

no (%)

    

Gender

      

  Female

102(71.8)

40(28.2)

1

 

1

 

  Male

209(81)

49(19)

1.54(1.02-2.34)

0.042

1.6(1.01-2.68)

0.046

Age (in year)

      

  16-30

130(78.8)

35(21.2)

1

   

  31-50

164(77.7)

47(22.3)

1.06(.68-1.63)

0.812

  

  > 50

17(70.8)

7(29.2)

1.37(.61-3.09)

0.443

  

Education

      

  Primary and below

175(76.8)

53(23.2)

1.12(.75-1.74)

0.546

  

  Secondary and above

136(79.1)

36(20.9)

1

   

WHO HIV clinical stage

      

  I

47(82.5)

10(17.5)

1

   

  II

65(75.6)

21(24.4)

1.44(.69-3.06)

0.344

  

  III

161(77.4)

47(22.6)

1.31(.66-2.59)

0.438

  

  IV

38(77.6)

11(22.4)

1.32(.56-3.12)

0.525

  

Baseline CD4+ count (cells/mm 3 )

      

  0-99

87(69.6)

38(30.4)

1.72(1.13-2.62)

0.012

1.8(1.10-2.92)

0.023

  ≥100

224(81.5)

51(18.5)

1

 

1

 

Initial ART regimen

      

  D4T/3TC/NVP or EFV

40(81.6)

9(18.4)

1

   

  AZT/3TC/NVP or EFV

141(74.6)

48(25.4)

0.90(.43-1.89)

0.785

  

  TDF/3TC/NVP or EFV

130(80.2)

32(19.8)

1.29(.83-2.02)

0.262

  

Functional status

      

  Working

262(77.1)

78(22.9)

1

   

  Ambulatory

39(79.6)

10(20.4)

1.44(.72-2.92)

0.301

  

  Bed ridden

10(90.9)

1(9.1)

1.26(.58-2.75)

0.555

  

Incident TB

      

  Yes

16(61.5)

10(38.5)

1.92(.99-3.72)

0.050

2.2(0.94-5.09)

0.063

  No

295(78.9)

79(21.1)

1

 

1

 
  1. d4T: stavudine; 3TC: lamivudine; NVP: nevirapine; AZT: zidovudine; EFV: efavirenz; TDF: tenofobir; TB: tuberculosis; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; ART: antiretroviral therapy; IQR: inter-quartile range; SD: standard deviation; WHO: world health organization; HR: hazard ratio, P: p-value.